Nā Kūlana Hoʻohālike UN Rev. 23 (2023),
ʻO 156,
ʻO ka māka CE he "passport" no nā huahana e komo i ka mākeke EU a me ka mākeke ʻāina ʻo EU Free Trade Association.ʻO nā huahana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia (i komo i loko o ke ʻano kuhikuhi hou), inā i hana ʻia ma waho o ka EU a i ʻole ma nā mokuʻāina lālā o EU, i mea e hoʻolaha manuahi ai i ka mākeke EU, pono lākou e hoʻokō me nā koi o ke kuhikuhi a me nā kūlana kūlike kūpono ma mua o ka lilo ʻana. kau ʻia ma ka mākeke EU, a hoʻopili i ka māka CE.He koi koi kēia o ke kānāwai EU e pili ana i nā huahana pili, e hāʻawi ana i kahi kūlana ʻenehana liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi no ke kālepa ʻana o nā huahana o nā ʻāina like ʻole i ka mākeke ʻEulopa a hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā kaʻina hana kālepa.
ʻO ke kuhikuhi he palapala kānāwai i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka European Community Council a me ka European Commission ma lalo o ka ʻae ʻana oke Kuikahi Kaiaulu Europa.ʻO nā ʻōlelo kuhikuhi kūpono no nā pākahi:
2006/66 / EC & 2013/56 / EU: Kuhikuhi Bateri.Pono e loaʻa kahi pahu ʻōpala i nā ʻōhua e hoʻokō nei i kēia kuhikuhi;
2014/30 / EU: Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive (EMC Directive).Pono e loaʻa ka hōʻailona CE i nā pā i hoʻokō me kēia kuhikuhi;
2011/65 / EU: kuhikuhi ROHS.Pono e loaʻa ka hōʻailona CE i nā pā i hoʻokō me kēia kuhikuhi;
Manaʻo Manaʻo: Ke hoʻokō wale nei kahi huahana me nā kuhikuhi CE āpau (pono e hoʻopili ʻia ka māka CE), hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka māka CE i ka wā e hoʻokō ʻia ai nā koi āpau o ke kuhikuhi.
ʻO nā huahana mai nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe e makemake ana e komo i ka EU a me ka European Free Trade Zone pono e noi no ka CE-certified a me ka CE i hōʻailona ʻia ma ka huahana.No laila, ʻo ka palapala hōʻoia CE he passport no nā huahana e komo ana i ka EU a me ka European Free Trade Zone.
1. ʻAʻole nui wale nā kānāwai EU, nā hoʻoponopono, a me nā kūlana hoʻonohonoho, akā paʻakikī pū kekahi i ka ʻike.No laila, ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o ka palapala CE he koho akamai loa e mālama i ka manawa a me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka pilikia;
2. Hiki i kahi palapala CE ke kōkua i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hilinaʻi o nā mea kūʻai aku a me ke keʻena kiaʻi mākeke i ka palena kiʻekiʻe;
3. Hiki iā ia ke pale pono i ke kūlana hoʻopiʻi kūpono ʻole;
4. Ma ke alo o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana, e lilo ka palapala CE i mea hōʻike ʻike loea i ke kānāwai;
5. Ke hoʻopaʻi ʻia e nā ʻāina ʻo EU, e hoʻopiʻi pū ka hui hōʻoia i nā pilikia me ka ʻoihana, no laila e hōʻemi ana i ka pilikia o ka ʻoihana.
● Loaʻa i ka MCM kahi hui loea me ka ʻoi aku ma mua o 20 mau ʻoihana i hana i ke kahua o ka palapala hōʻoia CE, e hāʻawi ana i nā mea kūʻai aku me ka wikiwiki a me ka pololei a me ka ʻike hōʻoia CE hou loa;
● Hāʻawi ʻo MCM i nā ʻōnaehana CE like ʻole me LVD, EMC, nā kuhikuhi pākaukau, a pēlā aku no nā mea kūʻai aku;
● Ua hāʻawi ʻo MCM i nā hoʻāʻo CE ma mua o 4000 a hiki i kēia lā.
Ua paʻi ka UNECE (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe) ma ka TDG (Transport of Dangerous Goods) i ka 23rd revised version of the Model Regulations for Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods.Hoʻopuka ʻia kahi mana hou o nā Kumu Hoʻohālike i kēlā me kēia ʻelua makahiki.Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka mana 22, loaʻa i ka pākaukau nā loli penei:
3551 NA PALAPALA SODIUM ION me ka electrolyte organik
3552 NA PAPA ION SODIUM I LOA I EOUIPMENT A i ʻole SODIUM ION BATTERIES PACKED ME EOUIPMENT, me ka electrolyte organik.
3556 KAʻA, PALAPALA LITHIUM ION POWERED
3557 KAʻA, LITIUM METAL BATTERY POWERED
3558 KAA, KA PALAPALA SODIUM ION POWERED
ʻO nā pūnaewele a me nā ʻeke, nā pūnaewele a me nā pihi i loko o nā mea hana, a i ʻole nā pūnaewele a me nā pihi i hoʻopiha ʻia me nā lako i loaʻa i ka sodium ion, kahi ʻōnaehana electrochemical rechargeable kahi i hoʻopili ʻia ai ka electrode maikaʻi a i ʻole nā mea hoʻokomo ʻia, i kūkulu ʻia me ka sodium metala (a i ʻole sodium alloy. ) i loko o kēlā me kēia electrode a me ka hui wai wai ʻole e like me ka electrolyte, e hāʻawi ʻia i UN Nos. 3551 a i ʻole 3552 e like me ke kūpono.
'Ōlelo Aʻo: Loaʻa ka sodium intercalaled ma kahi ʻano ionic a quasi-atomic i loko o ka lattice o ka mea electrode.
Hiki ke lawe ʻia ma lalo o kēia mau helu inā hoʻokō lākou i kēia mau ʻōlelo:
a) ʻO kēlā me kēia kelepona a i ʻole ka pākaukau o ke ʻano i hōʻoia ʻia e hoʻokō i nā koi o nā hoʻokolohua kūpono o ka Manual of Tests and Criteria, part Ill, sub-section 38.3.
b) Hoʻokomo ʻia kēlā me kēia cell a me ka pākaukau i kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe palekana a i ʻole i hoʻolālā ʻia e pale i ka haki ʻana ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau i ka wā o ka lawe ʻana;
c) Hoʻolako ʻia kēlā me kēia cell a me ka pākaukau me kahi ala kūpono e pale aku ai i nā kaapuni pōkole waho;
d) Hoʻolako ʻia kēlā me kēia pākaukau me nā pūnaewele a i ʻole nā pūnaewele i hoʻopili like ʻia me nā ala kūpono e like me ka mea e pono ai e pale i ke kahe ʻana o kēia manawa (e laʻa, diodes, fuses, etc.);
e) E hana ʻia nā kelepona a me nā ʻeke ma lalo o kahi papahana hoʻokele maikaʻi e like me ka mea i kuhikuhi ʻia ma lalo o 2.9.4 (e) (i) a (ix);
f) E hoʻolako nā mea hana a me nā mea hoʻolaha hou aku o nā cell a i ʻole nā bateri i ka hōʻuluʻulu hoʻāʻo e like me ka mea i kuhikuhi ʻia ma ka Manual of Tests and Criteria, part Ill, sub-section 38.3, pauku 38.3.5.