Nā Kūlana Hoʻohālike UN Rev. 23 (2023),
ʻo 156,

▍ He aha ka CE Certification?

ʻO ka māka CE he "passport" no nā huahana e komo i ka mākeke EU a me ka mākeke ʻāina ʻo EU Free Trade Association. ʻO nā huahana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia (i komo i ke ʻano kuhikuhi hou), inā i hana ʻia ma waho o ka EU a i ʻole nā ​​lālā lālā o EU, i mea e holo manuahi ai i ka mākeke EU, pono lākou e hoʻokō me nā koi o ke kuhikuhi a me nā kūlana kūlike kūpono ma mua o ka lilo ʻana. kau ʻia ma ka mākeke EU, a hoʻopili i ka māka CE. He koi koi kēia o ke kānāwai EU e pili ana i nā huahana pili, e hāʻawi ana i kahi kūlana ʻenehana liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi no ke kālepa ʻana o nā huahana o nā ʻāina like ʻole i ka mākeke ʻEulopa a hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā kaʻina hana kālepa.

▍ He aha ke kuhikuhi CE?

ʻO ke kuhikuhi he palapala kānāwai i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka European Community Council a me ka European Commission ma lalo o ka ʻae ʻia oke Kuikahi Kaiaulu Europa. ʻO nā ʻōlelo kuhikuhi kūpono no nā pākahi:

2006/66 / EC & 2013/56 / EU: Kuhikuhi Bateri. Pono e loaʻa kahi pahu ʻōpala i nā ʻuala i mālama i kēia kuhikuhi;

2014/30 / EU: Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive (EMC Directive). Pono e loaʻa ka hōʻailona CE i nā pā i hoʻokō me kēia kuhikuhi;

2011/65 / EU: kuhikuhi ROHS. Pono e loaʻa ka hōʻailona CE i nā pā i hoʻokō me kēia kuhikuhi;

Manaʻo Manaʻo: Ke hoʻokō wale nei kahi huahana me nā kuhikuhi CE āpau (pono e hoʻopili ʻia ka māka CE), hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka māka CE i ka wā e hoʻokō ʻia ai nā koi āpau o ke kuhikuhi.

▍ ʻO ka pono o ka noi ʻana no ka hōʻoia CE

ʻO nā huahana mai nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe e makemake ana e komo i ka EU a me ka European Free Trade Zone pono e noi no ka CE-certified a me ka CE i hōʻailona ʻia ma ka huahana. No laila, ʻo ka palapala hōʻoia CE he passport no nā huahana i komo i ka EU a me ka European Free Trade Zone.

▍Pono o ka noi ʻana no ka hōʻoia CE

1. ʻAʻole nui wale nā ​​kānāwai EU, nā hoʻoponopono, a me nā kūlana hoʻonohonoho, akā paʻakikī pū kekahi i ka ʻike. No laila, ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o ka palapala CE he koho akamai loa e mālama i ka manawa a me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka pilikia;

2. Hiki i kahi palapala CE ke kōkua i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hilinaʻi o nā mea kūʻai aku a me ke keʻena kiaʻi mākeke i ka palena kiʻekiʻe;

3. Hiki iā ia ke pale pono i ke kūlana hoʻopiʻi kūpono ʻole;

4. Ma ke alo o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana, e lilo ka palapala CE i mea hōʻike ʻike loea i ke kānāwai;

5. Ke hoʻopaʻi ʻia e nā ʻāina ʻo EU, e lawe pū ka hui hōʻoia i nā pilikia me ka ʻoihana, no laila e hōʻemi i ka pilikia o ka ʻoihana.

▍No ke aha MCM?

● Loaʻa i ka MCM kahi hui loea me ka ʻoi aku ma mua o 20 mau ʻoihana i hana i ke kahua o ka palapala hōʻoia CE, e hāʻawi ana i nā mea kūʻai aku me ka wikiwiki a me ka pololei a me ka ʻike hōʻoia CE hou loa;

● Hāʻawi ʻo MCM i nā ʻōnaehana CE like ʻole me LVD, EMC, nā kuhikuhi pākaukau, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe no nā mea kūʻai aku;

● Ua hāʻawi ʻo MCM ma mua o 4000 mau hoʻokolohua CE ma ka honua a hiki i kēia lā.

Ua paʻi ka UNECE (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe) ma ka TDG (Transport of Dangerous Goods) i ka 23rd revised version of the Model Regulations for Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods. Hoʻopuka ʻia kahi mana hou i hoʻoponopono hou ʻia o ka Model Regulations i kēlā me kēia ʻelua makahiki. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka mana 22, loaʻa i ka pākaukau nā loli penei:
3551 NA PALAPALA SODIUM ION me ka electrolyte organik
3552 NA PAPA ION SODIUM I LOA I EOUIPMENT A i ʻole SODIUM ION BATTERIES PACKED ME EOUIPMENT, me ka electrolyte organik.
3556 KAʻA, PALAPALA LITHIUM ION POWERED
3557 KAA, LITIUM METAL BATTERY POWERED
3558 KAA, KA PALAPALA SODIUM ION POWERED
ʻO nā pūnaewele a me nā pila, nā cell a me nā ʻeke i loko o nā mea hana, a i ʻole nā ​​​​pūnaewele a me nā ʻeke i hoʻopiha ʻia me nā lako i loaʻa i ka sodium ion, kahi ʻōnaehana electrochemical hiki ke hoʻouka hou ʻia kahi e hoʻopili ʻia ai ka electrode maikaʻi a i ʻole nā ​​​​hui hoʻokomo, i kūkulu ʻia me ka sodium metala (a i ʻole sodium alloy. ) i loko o kēlā me kēia electrode a me ka hui wai wai ʻole e like me ka electrolyte, e hāʻawi ʻia i UN Nos. 3551 a i ʻole 3552 e like me ke kūpono.
'Ōlelo Aʻo: Loaʻa ka sodium intercalaled ma kahi ʻano ionic a quasi-atomic i loko o ka lattice o ka mea electrode.
Hiki ke lawe ʻia ma lalo o kēia mau helu inā hoʻokō lākou i kēia mau ʻōlelo:
a) ʻO kēlā me kēia kelepona a i ʻole ka pākaukau o ke ʻano i hōʻoia ʻia e hoʻokō i nā koi o nā hoʻokolohua kūpono o ka Manual of Tests and Criteria, part Ill, sub-section 38.3.
b) Hoʻokomo ʻia kēlā me kēia cell a me ka pākaukau i kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe palekana a i ʻole i hoʻolālā ʻia e pale i ka haki ʻana ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau i ka wā o ka lawe ʻana;
c) Hoʻolako ʻia kēlā me kēia cell a me ka pākaukau me kahi ala kūpono e pale aku ai i nā kaapuni pōkole waho;
d) Hoʻolako ʻia kēlā me kēia pākaukau me nā pūnaewele a i ʻole nā ​​pūnaewele i hoʻopili like ʻia me nā ala kūpono e like me ka mea e pono ai e pale i ke kahe ʻana o kēia manawa (e laʻa, diodes, fuses, etc.);
e) E hana ʻia nā kelepona a me nā ʻeke ma lalo o kahi papahana hoʻokele maikaʻi e like me ka mea i kuhikuhi ʻia ma lalo o 2.9.4 (e) (i) a (ix);
f) E hoʻolako nā mea hana a me nā mea hoʻolaha hou aku o nā cell a i ʻole nā ​​​​bateri i ka hōʻuluʻulu hoʻāʻo e like me ka mea i kuhikuhi ʻia ma ka Manual of Tests and Criteria, part Ill, sub-section 38.3, pauku 38.3.5.