Kai ʻulaʻulahiki i ka pilikia ke hoʻopau i ka moku holo honua,
Kai ʻulaʻula,

▍He aha ka cTUVus & ETL CERTIFICATION?

ʻO OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration), pili i ka US DOL (Department of Labor), koi i nā huahana a pau e hoʻohana ʻia ma kahi hana pono e hoʻāʻo a hōʻoia ʻia e NRTL ma mua o ke kūʻai ʻia ʻana ma ka mākeke. ʻO nā kūlana hoʻāʻo kūpono e pili ana i nā maʻamau American National Standards Institute (ANSI); Nā kūlana o ka American Society for Testing Material (ASTM), nā kūlana Underwriter Laboratory (UL), a me nā kūlana o ka hui hui ʻana o ka hale hana.

▍OSHA, NRTL, cTUVus, ETL a me UL wehewehe a me ka pilina

OSHA:ʻO ka pōkole o ka ʻoihana palekana a me ka mālama ola kino. He hui ia o US DOL (Department of Labor).

NRTL：Hoʻopau ʻia o ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻike ʻia o ka Lahui. ʻO ia ke kuleana o ka ʻae ʻana o ka lab. Aia a hiki i kēia manawa, aia he 18 mau keʻena hoʻāʻo ʻaoʻao ʻekolu i ʻae ʻia e NRTL, me TUV, ITS, MET a pēlā aku.

cTUVus：Hōʻailona hōʻoia o TUVRh ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau.

ETL：ʻO ka pōkole o ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Uila ʻAmelika. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia i ka makahiki 1896 e Albert Einstein, ka mea hana ʻAmelika.

UL：ʻO ka pōkole o Underwriter Laboratories Inc.

▍ ʻOkoʻa ma waena o cTUVus, ETL & UL

▍No ke aha MCM?

● Kākoʻo palupalu mai ka hōʻoia a me ka ʻenehana:Ma ke keʻena hoʻāʻo hōʻike o TUVRH a me ITS ma North American Certification, hiki iā MCM ke hana i nā ʻano hoʻokolohua āpau a hāʻawi i ka lawelawe ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻenehana he alo a he alo.

● Kākoʻo paʻakikī mai ka ʻenehana:Hoʻolako ʻia ʻo MCM me nā mea hoʻāʻo a pau no nā pāhana o nā papahana nui, liʻiliʻi a pololei (ʻo ia hoʻi ke kaʻa uila uila, ka ikehu mālama, a me nā huahana uila uila), hiki ke hāʻawi i nā lawelawe hoʻāʻo a me nā lawelawe hōʻoia ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, e uhi ana i nā kūlana. UL2580, UL1973, UL2271, UL1642, UL2054 a pēlā aku.

ʻO kaKai ʻulaʻulaʻo ia wale nō ke ala e holo ai nā moku ma waena o ka Moana ʻAkelanika a me India. Aia ia ma ka hui o na konetineta elua o Asia a me Aferika. Hoʻopili kona ʻaoʻao hema i ke Kai ʻArabia a me ka Moana ʻĪnia ma ke kowaʻo Bab el-Mandeb, a ʻo kona ʻaoʻao ʻākau e pili ana me ke Kai Mediterranean a me ka Moana ʻAkelanika ma ke kahawai ʻo Suez. ʻO ke ala ma ke ala ʻo Bab el-Mandeb Strait, ke Kaiʻula a me ka Canal Suez kekahi o nā ala moku ʻoi loa o ka honua. ʻO ke kahawai ʻo Suez i kēia manawa ʻo ia ke ʻano kaʻa kaʻa nui loa ma ka honua, ʻoiai ke kū nei ka Canal Panama i kēia manawa i ka hemahema o ka wai a me ka emi ʻana o ka hiki ke hoʻokele. Ma ke ʻano he ala hoʻokele nui no Asia-Europa, Asia-Mediterranean, a me Asia-Eastern United States ala, ʻo ka Suez Canal, ʻoi aku ka nui o kona hopena i ke kālepa honua a me ka moku. Wahi a ka Neue Zürcher Zeitung, ma kahi o 12% o ka halihali ukana honua e hele ana ma ke Kaiʻula a me ka Canal Suez.
Mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kahi pōʻai hou o ka hakakā Palestinian-Israeli, ua hoʻokau pinepine nā pūʻali koa Houthi o Yemen i nā missile a me nā hoʻouka kaua drone ma luna o ka ʻIseraʻela ma ke kumu o "kākoʻo iā Palestine" a ua hoʻomau i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i nā moku "hui pū me ʻIseraʻela" ma ke Kaiʻula. I ka ʻike ʻana i ka lono pinepine o nā moku kalepa e hoʻouka ʻia ana ma kahi kokoke i ke Kaiʻula-Mandeb Strait, ua hoʻolaha nui nā moku lawe moku a puni ka honua - Swiss Mediterranean, Danish Maersk, French CMA CGM, German Hapag-Lloyd, etc. Alanui kai. Ma ka lā 18 o Dekemaba, 2023, ua hoʻolaha nā ʻoihana moku ʻelima kiʻekiʻe o ka honua i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ka holo ʻana ma ke ala wai ʻo Red Sea-Suez. Eia kekahi, ua ʻōlelo pū ʻo COSCO, Orient Overseas Shipping (OOCL) a me Evergreen Marine Corporation (EMC) e hoʻokuʻu ko lākou mau moku pahu i ka holo ʻana ma ke Kaiʻula. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻomaka nā ʻoihana hoʻouna pahu pahu nui o ka honua a kokoke e hoʻokuʻu i ka holo ʻana ma ke ala ʻo Red Sea-Suez.
ʻO ka pilikia o ke Kaiʻula ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā puke ma nā ala komohana a pau ma Asia Hikina, me ka Middle East, Red Sea, North Africa, Black Sea, hikina Mediterranean, komohana Mediterranean a me ʻEulopa komohana.