Nā huaʻōlelo ʻoihana hou
Nā huaʻōlelo ʻoihana hou,
uila ʻEulopa,
▍He aha ka GOST-R Declaration?
ʻO GOST-R Declaration of Conformity kahi palapala hōʻike e hōʻoia i ka hoʻokō ʻana o nā waiwai me nā lula palekana Lūkini. I ka wā i hoʻopuka ʻia ai ke kānāwai o ka huahana a me ka lawelawe hōʻoia e ka Russian Federation ma 1995, ua hoʻomaka ka ʻōnaehana hōʻoia huahana koi i Rusia. Pono ia i nā huahana a pau i kūʻai ʻia ma ka mākeke Lūkini e paʻi ʻia me ka hōʻailona hōʻoia pono GOST.
E like me kekahi o nā ʻano o ka palapala hōʻoia conformity mandatory, ʻo Gost-R Declaration of Conformity e pili ana i nā hōʻike nānā a i ʻole ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokele maikaʻi. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka Hōʻike o ka Conformity he ʻano hiki ke hāʻawi wale ʻia i kahi hui kānāwai Lūkini ʻo ia ka mea i noi ʻia (mea paʻa) o ka palapala hōʻoia hiki ke lilo i hui i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ʻo Rūsia a i ʻole ke keʻena haole i hoʻopaʻa inoa ma Rusia.
▍ ʻAno Hoʻolaha GOST-R a me ka Pono
1. Sʻōlelo PelekaneShipmentCpalapala hōʻoia
Hoʻopili wale ʻia ka palapala hoʻouna hoʻokahi i ka pūʻulu i kuhikuhi ʻia, huahana i kuhikuhi ʻia i loko o kahi ʻaelike. Aia ka ʻike kikoʻī ma lalo o ka mana, e like me ka inoa mea, ka nui, ka kikoʻī, ka ʻaelike a me ka mea kūʻai aku Lūkini.
2. Cpalapala hōʻoiae me ka pono ohookahi makahiki
Ke hāʻawi ʻia kahi huahana i ka palapala hōʻoia, hiki i nā mea hana ke hoʻokuʻu aku i nā huahana i Rūsia i loko o 1 makahiki me ka palena ʻole o nā manawa hoʻouna a me nā nui i ka mea kūʻai aku.
3. Cpalapala hōʻoia me ka pono oʻekolu/ʻelima makahiki
Ke hāʻawi ʻia kahi huahana i ka palapala hōʻoia, hiki i nā mea hana ke hoʻokuʻu aku i nā huahana i Rūsia i loko o 3 a i ʻole 5 mau makahiki me ka palena ʻole o nā manawa hoʻouna a me nā nui i ka mea kūʻai aku.
▍No ke aha MCM?
● Loaʻa iā MCM kekahi pūʻulu o nā ʻenekinia e aʻo i nā lula hou o Rūsia, me ka hōʻoia ʻana e hiki ke kaʻana like i nā nūhou hōʻoia GOST-R hou loa me nā mea kūʻai aku.
●MCM kūkulu pili pili me ka kūloko ka earliest-hoʻokumu hōʻoia hui, e hoʻolako paʻa a me ka pono palapala lawelawe no nā mea kūʻai mai.
▍He aha ka EAC?
Wahi aTheNā Koina maʻamau a me nā lula o nā hoʻoponopono ʻenehana no Kazakhstan, Belarus a me ka Russian FederationʻO ia kahi ʻaelike i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia e Russia, Belarus a me Kazakhstan ma ʻOkakopa 18 2010, e hāʻawi ke Kōmike Hui Kūʻai i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ke kūlana kūlike a me nā koi e hōʻoia i ka palekana o ka huahana. Hoʻohana ʻia kahi palapala hōʻoia no ʻekolu mau ʻāina, kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ka palapala hōʻoia CU-TR Russia-Belarus-Kazakhstan me kahi hōʻailona like ʻole EAC. Hoʻohana mālie ʻia ke kānāwai mai ka lā 15 o Pepelualith2013. I Ianuali 2015, hui pū ʻo Armenia a me Kyrgyzstan i ka Union Union.
▍CU-TR ke ʻano a me ka mana
- Sʻōlelo PelekaneShipmentCpalapala hōʻoia
Hoʻopili wale ʻia ka palapala hoʻouna hoʻokahi i ka pūʻulu i kuhikuhi ʻia, huahana i kuhikuhi ʻia i loko o kahi ʻaelike. Aia ka ʻike kikoʻī ma lalo o ka mana, e like me ka inoa mea, ka nui, ka ʻaelike kikoʻī a me ka mea kūʻai aku Lūkini. I ka noi ʻana i ka palapala hōʻoia, ʻaʻole koi ʻia nā laʻana e hāʻawi akā pono nā palapala a me nā ʻike.
- Cpalapala hōʻoiameponoohookahi makahiki
Ke hāʻawi ʻia kahi huahana i ka palapala hōʻoia, hiki i nā mea hana ke hoʻokuʻu aku i nā huahana i Rūsia i loko o 1 makahiki me ka palena ʻole o nā manawa hoʻouna a me nā nui.
- Palapala me ka mana oʻekolumakahikis
Ke hāʻawi ʻia kahi huahana i ka palapala hōʻoia, hiki i nā mea hana ke hoʻokuʻu aku i nā huahana i Rusia i loko o 3 mau makahiki me ka ʻole o ka palena o nā manawa hoʻouna a me nā nui.
- Palapala me ka mana o elima makahiki
Ke hāʻawi ʻia kahi huahana i ka palapala hōʻoia, hiki i nā mea hana ke hoʻokuʻu aku i nā huahana i Rusia i loko o 5 mau makahiki me ka ʻole o ka palena o nā manawa hoʻouna a me nā nui.
▍No ke aha MCM?
●MCM loaʻa i ka hui pf 'oihana 'enekinia e aʻo kuʻuna uniona hou hōʻoia hooponopono, a e hoʻolako kokoke papahana ukali lawelawe, e hōʻoia 'ana nā mea kūʻai mai e komo i loko o ka'āina smoothly a me ka holomua.
● ʻO ka nui o nā kumuwaiwai i hōʻiliʻili ʻia ma o ka ʻoihana pākaukau e hiki ai iā MCM ke hāʻawi i ka lawelawe kūpono a me ka uku haʻahaʻa no ka mea kūʻai aku.
● Hoʻokumu ʻo MCM i ka launa pū ʻana me nā hui pili kūloko, e hōʻoia ana i ka ʻike hou loa o ka hōʻoia CU-TR e kaʻana pololei a me ka manawa me nā mea kūʻai aku.
ʻAʻole pākaukau, LG Chem, CTP-LFP, ʻAʻohe Cobalt,uila ʻEulopa, kaʻa māmā
Nūhou a me nā hanana koʻikoʻi:
1. Manaʻo ʻia ke koi ʻana o ka pā uila e hiki i 406GWh i 2023, me ka hapa o 18%.
2. Ua komo ʻo LG Chem a me Panasonic i ka TOP 10 no ka manawa mua.
3. Ua hoʻolilo ʻo BMW i 490 miliona yuan i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka pākaukau.
4. Ningde Era CTP-LFP pila "hele i kai" ma Germany.
5. E hāʻawi ʻo Panasonic i nā ʻōhua kobalt-free i 2022.
6. ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o ka mākeke uila ʻEulopa.
7. Manaʻo ʻia ka hoʻouna ʻana o ka pahu lithium o ka kaʻa māmā ma mua o 25GWh i 2023
ʻIkepili kikoʻī nūhou:
1. Ka ikepili wanana e 2023, i ka noi no ka uila kaʻa mea i manaoia e 406GWh, oiai ka lako i manaoia e 335GWh, me ka shortage o ma kahi o 18%. Manaʻo ʻia e piʻi aʻe ke kūlana ma 2025, me ka nele o ka lako ma kahi o 40 pakeneka. Ma ka manawa like, hōʻike pinepine ʻia ka papahana papahana, ka ʻike kauoha a me ka hoʻokele waiwai hoʻolālā e hana nā ʻoihana kaʻa honua i nā hana piha i ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā kaʻa uila. (Ma hope o ka hoʻokomo ʻana o Honda i Ningde Times, ua lilo ʻo Volkswagen i mea kuleana nui loa o Guoxuan High-tech a ua hoʻokomo ʻo Daimler i FUST, ua lilo ʻo Wanxiang i mea hoʻolako o Volkswagen a e lilo koke ʻo Yiwei Lithium Energy i mea hoʻolako no BMW.)
