ʻAmelika ʻĀkau: Nā kūlana palekana hou no nā huahana pākaukau pihi/kālā
ʻAmelika ʻĀkau: Nā kūlana palekana hou nopihi/kālā pākaukauhuahana,
pihi/kālā pākaukau,
▍He aha ka cTUVus & ETL CERTIFICATION?
ʻO OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration), pili i ka US DOL (Department of Labor), koi i nā huahana a pau e hoʻohana ʻia ma kahi hana pono e hoʻāʻo a hōʻoia ʻia e NRTL ma mua o ke kūʻai ʻia ʻana ma ka mākeke. ʻO nā kūlana hoʻāʻo kūpono e pili ana i nā maʻamau American National Standards Institute (ANSI); Nā kūlana o ka American Society for Testing Material (ASTM), nā kūlana Underwriter Laboratory (UL), a me nā kūlana o ka hui hui ʻana o ka hale hana.
▍OSHA, NRTL, cTUVus, ETL a me UL wehewehe a me ka pilina
OSHA:ʻO ka pōkole o ka ʻoihana palekana a me ka mālama ola kino. He hui ia o US DOL (Department of Labor).
NRTL：Hoʻopau ʻia o ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻike ʻia o ka Lahui. ʻO ia ke kuleana o ka ʻae ʻana o ka lab. Aia a hiki i kēia manawa, aia he 18 mau keʻena hoʻāʻo ʻaoʻao ʻekolu i ʻae ʻia e NRTL, me TUV, ITS, MET a pēlā aku.
cTUVus：Hōʻailona hōʻoia o TUVRh ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau.
ETL：ʻO ka pōkole o ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Uila ʻAmelika. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia i ka makahiki 1896 e Albert Einstein, ka mea hana ʻAmelika.
UL：ʻO ka pōkole o Underwriter Laboratories Inc.
▍ ʻOkoʻa ma waena o cTUVus, ETL & UL
| 'ikamu | UL | cTUVus | ETL |
| Hoʻohana maʻamau | Ua like | ||
| Pono ke kula no ka loaa palapala | NRTL (Lahui i ʻae ʻia e ka lāhui) | ||
| Makeke noi | ʻAmelika ʻĀkau (US a me Kanada) | ||
| ʻOihana hoʻāʻo a hōʻoia | Hana ʻo Underwriter Laboratory (China) Inc i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana a hoʻopuka i ka leka hoʻopau papahana | Hana ʻo MCM i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana a me ka palapala hoʻopuka TUV | Hana ʻo MCM i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana a me ka palapala hoʻopuka TUV |
| Ka manawa o waena o ka hoʻomaka a i ka wā pau | 5-12W | 2-3W | 2-3W |
| Uku noi | Kiʻekiʻe ma ka hoa | Ma kahi o 50 ~ 60% o ke kumukūʻai UL | Ma kahi o 60 ~ 70% o ke kumukūʻai UL |
| Pōmaikaʻi | He hui kūloko ʻAmelika me ka ʻike maikaʻi ʻia ma US a me Kanada | Loaʻa i kahi hui International ka mana a hāʻawi i ke kumukūʻai kūpono, e ʻike ʻia e ʻAmelika ʻAmelika | He hui ʻAmelika me ka ʻike maikaʻi ʻia ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau |
| Ka pōʻino |
| ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hōʻailona ma mua o ka UL | ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻike ma mua o ka UL i ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka ʻāpana huahana |
▍No ke aha MCM?
● Kākoʻo palupalu mai ka hōʻoia a me ka ʻenehana:Ma ke keʻena hoʻāʻo hōʻike o TUVRH a me ITS ma North American Certification, hiki iā MCM ke hana i nā ʻano hoʻokolohua āpau a hāʻawi i ka lawelawe ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻenehana he alo a he alo.
● Kākoʻo paʻakikī mai ka ʻenehana:Hoʻolako ʻia ʻo MCM me nā mea hoʻāʻo a pau no nā pāhana o nā papahana nui, liʻiliʻi a pololei (ʻo ia hoʻi ke kaʻa uila uila, ka ikehu mālama, a me nā huahana uila uila), hiki ke hāʻawi i nā lawelawe hoʻāʻo a me nā lawelawe hōʻoia ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, e uhi ana i nā kūlana. UL2580, UL1973, UL2271, UL1642, UL2054 a pēlā aku.
Ua hoʻopuka ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ʻelua mau hoʻoholo hope loa ma ka Federal Register
La hopena: e hoʻomaka mai ka lā 23 ʻOkakopa, 2023. No ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, e hāʻawi ke Komisina i kahi manawa hoʻololi hoʻokō 180 lā mai Kepakemapa 21, 2023 a i Malaki 19, 2024.
Rula hope: e hoʻokomo i ka UL 4200A-2023 i loko o nā lula federala ma ke ʻano he kānāwai palekana huahana mea kūʻai aku no nā huahana mea kūʻai aku i loko o nā pūnae kālā a i ʻole nā pā kālā.
La lā mana: hoʻomaka mai ka lā 21 Kepakemapa 2024.
ʻO ka lula hope: pono e hoʻokō nā koi o ka lepili no ke pihi pihi a i ʻole ka pahu pahu pahu kālā i nā koi o ka 16 CFR Part 1263. No ka mea ʻaʻole pili ʻo UL 4200A-2023 i ka hōʻailona ʻana i ka pahu pākaukau, pono ka lepili ma ke pihi kelepona a i ʻole ka pahu pahu kālā.
ʻO ke kumu o nā hoʻoholo ʻelua, no ka mea, ua ʻae ka US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) i kahi maʻamau maʻamau i ke koho balota hou - ANSI/UL 4200A-2023, nā kānāwai palekana koi no nā huahana mea kūʻai aku me nā pihi pihi a i ʻole nā pihi pihi.
Ma mua o Pepeluali 2023, e like me nā koi o "Reese's Law" i hoʻolaha ʻia ma ʻAukake 16, 2022, ua hoʻopuka ka CPSC i kahi Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPR) e hoʻoponopono i ka palekana o nā huahana mea kūʻai aku i loaʻa nā pihi pihi a i nā pihi pihi (e pili ana i ka. MCM 34th Journal).
