Kāpae

Loaʻa i nā pāpaʻi sodium-ion nā mea maikaʻi o nā kumuwaiwai he nui, ākea ākea, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka palekana maikaʻi. Me ka piʻi nui ʻana o ke kumukūʻai o nā kumuwaiwai lithium a me ka piʻi ʻana o ka noi no ka lithium a me nā ʻāpana kumu ʻē aʻe o nā pā lithium ion, ua koi ʻia mākou e ʻimi i nā ʻōnaehana electrochemical hou a maʻalahi e pili ana i nā mea nui. ʻO nā pānaʻi sodium-ion haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ke koho maikaʻi loa. Ma lalo o ke ʻano o ka ikehu hou, ke hoʻomohala nei nā ʻāina āpau o ka honua a i ʻole ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻenehana pākaukau sodium-ion, a hoʻokūkū nā ʻoihana pākaukau like ʻole e hoʻomaka i ke ala ʻenehana ʻenehana sodium-ion, e komo koke ana i ka pae hana nui a ʻike i ka ʻoihana. Manaʻo ʻia me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka hoʻopukapuka ʻana i ka ʻoihana, ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻenehana, ka hoʻomaikaʻi lohi ʻana o ke kaulahao ʻoihana, manaʻo ʻia ke kumukūʻai pākēneka sodium ion e kaʻana like i kahi ʻāpana o ka mākeke pākaukau lithium ion.

Kūlana o kēia manawa

Ma ke ʻano he ʻano pākaukau hou, ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia ka pāpaʻi sodium-ion i loko o ka mana hoʻomalu i nā kānāwai halihali a me nā lula. ʻAʻole ʻo United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Manual of Tests and Standards, Maritime Transport Regulations IMDG, a me Air Transport Regulations DGR i loaʻa i nā kānāwai halihali e pili ana i nā pā pā sodium. Inā ʻaʻohe kānāwai kūpono e hoʻopaʻa i ka lawe ʻana i nā pāpaʻi sodium-ion, ʻo ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka manawa kūpono a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā lula pili e keʻakeʻa a pili i ka lawe ʻana a me ka palekana o nā pāpaʻi sodium-ion. I ka ʻike ʻana i kēia, ua hoʻopuka ka United Nations Dangerous Goods Transport Group (UN TDG) a me ka International Civil Aviation Organization Dangerous Goods Group (ICAO DGP) i nā lula no ka lawe ʻana i nā pākahi sodium ion.

UN TDG

I Kekemapa 2021, ua ʻae ʻia kahi hālāwai o ka UN Group on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (UN TDG) i nā koi hoʻoponopono hou ʻia no nā pāpaʻi sodium-ion. Manaʻo ʻia e hoʻololi i nā Manaʻo no ka lawe ʻana i nā waiwai pōʻino a me ka Manual of Tests and Standards e hoʻokomo i nā koi e pili ana i nā ʻona sodium ion i kēia mau palapala ʻelua.

1. E hāʻawi ʻia nā pāpaʻi sodium-ion i kahi helu lawe a me ka inoa halihali kūikawā ma ka Manaʻo no ka lawe ʻana i nā waiwai pōʻino: UN3551 pākahi sodium-ion hoʻokahi; UN3552- Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻona ion sodium i loko a i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me nā mea hana.

2. E hoʻonui i nā koi hoʻāʻo o ka pauku UN38.3 ma ka Manual of Tests and Criteria e hoʻokomo i nā pāpaʻi sodium-ion. ʻO ia hoʻi, pono e hoʻokō ʻia nā koi hoʻāʻo o UN38.3 ma mua o ka lawe ʻana i nā pākahi sodium-ion.

ICAO TI

I ʻOkakopa i kēia makahiki, ua paʻi pū ka International Civil Aviation Organization's Dangerous Goods Expert Group (ICAO DGP) i kahi kikoʻī kikoʻī kikoʻī hou (TI), kahi e loaʻa ai ka pono no nā pā pā sodium-ion. Pono e helu ʻia nā pākaona sodium e like me UN3551 a i ʻole UN3552 a hoʻokō i nā koi o UN38.3. E noʻonoʻo ʻia kēia mau lula no ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka mana 2025-2026 o TI.

E hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka palapala TI i hoʻoponopono ʻia ma ka DGR i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e ka International Aviation Organization (IATA), e hōʻike ana e hoʻokomo ʻia nā pihi sodia-ion i ka mana kaʻa kaʻa ma 2025 a i ʻole 2026.

Manaʻo MCM

ʻO ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, e hoʻokō nā pākahi sodium-ion, e like me nā pākahi lithium, i nā koi hoʻāʻo o UN38.3 ma mua o ka lawe ʻana.

ʻO ka mea i hala koke aku nei, ua mālama ʻia ke kaulahao ʻoihana pākaukau Sodium-ion mua a me ka Forum Development maʻamau ma Beijing, e hōʻike ana i ke kūlana noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka pā sodium-ion mai nā ʻano like ʻole o ke kaulahao ʻoihana. Ma ka manawa like, ua piha ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka pāʻani sodium-ion i nā mea i manaʻo ʻia, a ua helu ʻia kahi ʻano o nā hoʻolālā standardization e pili ana i ka pā sodium-ion i ka wā e hiki mai ana. E kuhikuhi i ka ʻōnaehana maʻamau pākaukau lithium ion, e hoʻomaikaʻi mālie i ka hana maʻamau o ka pākaukau sodium ion.

E hoʻomau ka MCM i ka nānā pono ʻana i nā lula o ka lawe ʻana, nā kūlana a me nā kaulahao ʻoihana o nā ʻāpana sodium ion, e hāʻawi iā ʻoe i ka ʻike hou loa.