No ke aha mākou e hoʻomohala ai i ka hana hou ʻana o nā pā

ʻO ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea i hana ʻia e ka piʻi wikiwiki ʻana o EV a me ESS

Hiki ke hoʻokuʻu i ka metala kaumaha a me ka hoʻohaumia kinoea ʻino ke hoʻolei pono ʻole ʻia nā ʻaʻa.

ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka lithium a me ka cobalt ma mua o nā minerala, ʻo ia hoʻi, pono ke hana hou ʻia nā pā. ʻO ka hana hou ʻana i nā mea anode e mālama ai ma mua o 20% o ke kumukūʻai pākaukau.

Nā hoʻoponopono e pili ana i ka hana hou ʻana i nā pākahi lithium-ion ma nā wahi like ʻole

ʻO ka USA

Ma ʻAmelika, aia i nā aupuni pekelala, mokuʻāina a kūloko paha ke kuleana o ka hoʻolei ʻana a me ka hana hou ʻana i nā pākahi lithium-ion. ʻElua mau kānāwai pekelala e pili ana i ka hana hou ʻana i nā pākahi lithium-ion. ʻO ka mea muaʻO ke kānāwai e hoʻokele ana i ka pila me ka Mercury. Pono ia i nā hui a i ʻole nā ​​hale kūʻai e kūʻai aku ana i nā ʻakika lead-acid a i ʻole nā ​​pākahi nickel-metal hydride e ʻae i nā ʻona ʻōpala a hana hou iā lākou. E ʻike ʻia ke ʻano o ka hana hou ʻana i nā pākī lead-acid ma ke ʻano he kumu hoʻohālike no ka hana e hiki mai ana ma ka hana hou ʻana i nā pā lithium-ion. ʻO ke kānāwai ʻeluaKānāwai mālama a hoʻōla (RCRA). Hoʻokumu ʻo ia i ke ʻano o ka hoʻolei ʻana i ka ʻōpala paʻa ʻole ʻino a i ʻole ka ʻōpala. ʻO ke ʻano o ke ʻano hana hou ʻana o nā ʻanuʻu Lithium-ion ma lalo o ka hoʻokele ʻana o kēia kānāwai.

EU

Ua hoʻolālā ʻo EU i kahi manaʻo hou (Proposal for a REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL e pili ana i nā pihi a me nā ʻōpala ʻōpala, hoʻopau i ka Directive 2006/66/EC a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka Regulation (EU) No 2019/1020). Hōʻike kēia manaʻo i nā mea ʻawaʻawa, me nā ʻano pākahi a pau, a me ke koi ʻana i nā palena, nā hōʻike, nā lepili, ka pae kiʻekiʻe o ka wāwae kalapona, ka pae haʻahaʻa loa o ka cobalt, ke kēpau, a me ka nickel recycling, hana, lōʻihi, detachability, replaceability, palekana. , ke kūlana olakino, ka lōʻihi a me ka hoʻolako ʻana i ke kaulahao pono, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Wahi a kēia kānāwai, pono nā mea hana e hāʻawi i ka ʻike o ka lōʻihi o nā pākaukau a me nā helu hana, a me ka ʻike o nā mea pākaukau. kumu. ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa pono ʻana o ke kaulahao hoʻolako e hōʻike i nā mea hoʻohana hope e ʻike i nā mea maka i loko, no hea mai lākou, a me kā lākou hopena i ke kaiapuni. ʻO kēia ka nānā ʻana i ka hoʻohana hou ʻana a me ka hana hou ʻana o nā ʻaʻa. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka paʻi ʻana i ka hoʻolālā a me nā kumu waiwai hoʻolako kaulahao he mea pōʻino paha ia no nā mea hana pākaukau ʻEulopa, no laila ʻaʻole i hoʻopuka ʻia nā lula i kēia manawa.

ʻāina ʻEulopa

Loaʻa paha i kekahi mau ʻāina ʻEulopa i kā lākou kulekele ponoʻī e pili ana i ka hoʻokele ʻana i nā pākaukau lithium-ion.

ʻAʻole hoʻolaha ʻo UK i kekahi mau lula e pili ana i ka hana hou ʻana i nā pākahi lithium-ion. Ua manaʻo ke aupuni e ʻauhau i ka ʻauhau no ka hana hou ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻolimalima ʻana, a i ʻole e uku no ka haʻawina no ke kumu. ʻAʻole naʻe i puka mai kekahi kulekele kūhelu.

Loaʻa iā Kelemānia kahi papa hana kānāwai e pili ana i ka hana hou ʻana i nā pākahi lithium-ion. E like me nā kānāwai no ka hana hou ʻana ma Kelemania, ke kānāwai pākahiko Kelemania a me ke kānāwai hoʻopau hope o ke ola. Hoʻoikaika ʻo Kelemania i ka EPR a wehewehe i ke kuleana o nā mea hana, nā mea kūʻai aku a me nā mea hana hou.

Ua hoʻopuka ʻo Palani i nā kānāwai no ka hana hou ʻana i nā pākaukau no ka manawa lōʻihi, a ua hoʻololi ʻia nā kānāwai no kekahi mau manawa. Hoʻolaha nā kānāwai i ke kuleana o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a me ka hana hou ʻana i nā pihi no nā mea hana a me nā mea kūʻai aku.

Kina

Ua hoʻopuka ʻo Kina i kekahi mau lula e pili ana i ka ʻōpala paʻa a me nā ʻōpala pōʻino, e like me ke kānāwai o ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻōpala paʻa a me nā lula no ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻōpala ʻōpala, e uhi ana i ka hana ʻana, hana hou a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe he nui no nā pā lithium-ion. Hoʻoponopono kekahi mau kulekele i nā pila mai Kina ma waho. No ka laʻana, ua hoʻopuka ke aupuni Kina i kānāwai e pāpā ai i ka ʻōpala paʻa mai ka lawe ʻana mai i Kina, a i ka makahiki 2020, ua hoʻololi ʻia ke kānāwai e uhi i nā ʻōpala āpau mai nā ʻāina ʻē.

ʻAsia

Nui nā ʻōlelo kānāwai e hoʻoponopono ana i ka hana hou ʻana o nā pila ma Iapana. Aia ʻo Iapana Portable Rechargeable Battery Recycling Center (JBRC) i ka hana hou ʻana ma Iapana.

Hoʻopuka pū ʻo India i nā hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā ʻōpala. Pono lākou i nā mea hana, nā mea kūʻai aku, nā mea kūʻai aku a me nā hui e pili ana i ka hana hou ʻana, quarantine, ka lawe ʻana a i ʻole recondition, pono lākou e mālama i kā lākou kuleana ponoʻī. I kēia manawa, e hoʻonohonoho nā aupuni i kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻopaʻa inoa EPR kikowaena no ka hoʻokele.

ʻAʻole loaʻa iā Australia kahi kulekele hana hou e pili ana.

ʻO kapilikiao ka hana hou ana i na pila

He paʻakikī ka hoʻouna ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā pākahi me nā hana ʻokoʻa.

He mea paʻakikī ke hoʻohana hou ʻana i nā pākahi me nā mea anode paʻakikī. Ma waho aʻe o kēia, ʻaʻole hiki i nā pā i hana hou ʻia ke hoʻihoʻi hou i ka hana kaʻa uila o nā ʻeke hou.

ʻO ka paʻakikī o nā pākaukau, ka ʻūhā o ka mākaʻikaʻi a me ka mākeke unstandardized e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka loaʻa kālā o ka hana hou ʻana, ʻaʻole ia he waiwai. ʻAʻole e haʻi i nā pilikia o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, ka lawe ʻana, ka waihona a me nā pilikia logistic ʻē aʻe.

Ka hopena

He hana koʻikoʻi a koʻikoʻi ka hana hou ʻana i nā pākahi lithium-ion, ʻaʻohe mea i ka ʻike o ka pale kaiapuni a i ʻole mālama waiwai. Nui nā ʻāina i ka nānā ʻana i ka hana hou ʻana i nā pihi, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka noiʻi. Aia nā pilikia ma ka: hoʻemi ʻana i ke kumukūʻai, hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi ʻano kālepa ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, nā ala hoʻouna ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, ka ʻenehana o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā mea, ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ke kaʻina hana hou a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi hoʻoponopono ʻoihana a me kahi ʻōnaehana hana hou a hoʻohana hou.