Kāpae

Ua hoʻohana nui ʻia nā pākahi Lithium-ion ma ke ʻano he mau ʻāpana rechargeable mai ka makahiki 1990 ma muli o ko lākou hiki ke hoʻohuli kiʻekiʻe a me ka paʻa o ka pōʻai. Me ka piʻi nui ʻana o ke kumukūʻai o ka lithium a me ka piʻi nui ʻana o ka noi no ka lithium a me nā ʻāpana kumu ʻē aʻe o nā pā lithium-ion, ʻo ka hoʻonui nui ʻana o nā kumu waiwai o luna no nā pā lithium e koi ana iā mākou e ʻimi i nā ʻōnaehana electrochemical hou a maʻalahi e pili ana i nā mea nui. . ʻO nā pānaʻi sodium-ion haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ke koho maikaʻi loa. ʻAneʻane ʻike ʻia ka pākaukau sodium me ka pā lithium-ion, akā, no ka nui o kona radius ion a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ua ʻoi aku ka makemake o nā kānaka e aʻo i ka uila lithium, a ʻo ka noiʻi ʻana i ka pāʻani sodium-ion aneane pau. Me ka ulu wikiwiki o nā kaʻa uila a me ka ʻoihana mālama ʻana i ka ikehu i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ʻo ka pā sodium-ion, i manaʻo ʻia i ka manawa like me ka pā lithium-ion, ua hoihoi hou i ka poʻe.'s noonoo.

ʻO ka Lithium, ka sodium a me ka potassium nā metala alkali āpau i ka papaʻaina manawa o nā mea. Loaʻa iā lākou nā waiwai kino a me nā kemika a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā mea pākaukau lua ma ke kumumanaʻo. Nui ka waiwai o ka sodium, ua laha nui ʻia i ka ʻōpala o ka Honua a maʻalahi hoʻi e unuhi. Ma kahi o ka lithium, ua uku nui ʻia ka sodium ma ke kahua pākaukau. ʻO ka pākaukaumea hanasʻōhumue hoʻomaka i ke ala ʻenehana o ka pākaukau sodium-ion.Ke alakaʻi nei i nā manaʻo e pili ana i ka wikiwiki ʻana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu hou, Hoʻolālā ʻepekema a me nā ʻenehana hou i ke kahua ʻenehana i ka wā o ka 14th Five-Year Plan Period., aHoʻolālā hoʻokō no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu hou i ka wā o ka 14th ʻelima mau makahiki hoʻolālāi hoʻopuka ʻia e ka National Development and Reform Commission a me ka National Energy Administration i ʻōlelo ai e hoʻomohala i kahi hanauna hou o nā ʻenehana mālama ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe e like me nā pā pā sodium-ion. Ua hoʻolaha pū ka Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) i nā pihi hou, e like me ka sodium-ion batteries, e like me ka ballast no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana ikehu hou. ʻO nā kūlana o ka ʻoihana no nā pākahi sodium-ion kekahi i ka hana. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka ʻoihana i ka hoʻopukapuka, lilo ka ʻenehana a hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia ke kaulahao ʻoihana, ʻo ka pā sodium-ion me ka hana kiʻekiʻe e manaʻo ʻia e noho i kahi ʻāpana o ka mākeke pākaukau lithium-ion.

ʻO ka pākaukau sodium-ion me ka pākaukau lithium-ion

• He haʻahaʻa ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka carbon carbon electrode o ka pākaukau sodium-ion ma mua o ka graphite.
• Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka pahu alumini ma ke ʻano he mea hōʻiliʻili i kēia manawa no ka electrode maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole o nā pāpaʻi sodium-ion. He haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ko nā pākahiko lithium-ion a pono e hoʻohana i ka pepa keleawe ʻaʻole i ʻino ʻia. ʻO nā pākaona sodium-ion, ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, loaʻa ka mana maikaʻi ʻole, no laila ʻaʻole lākou e hui pū me ka sodium. ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ke kaumaha a me ke kumukūʻai o ka pahu alumini ma mua o ka pahu keleawe.
• I ka electrolyte, ka solubility o Na⁺ aia ma kahi o 30% haʻahaʻa ma mua o ko Li⁺. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka dissolution rate, a he liʻiliʻi ke kūʻē o ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka electrode - electrolyte interface, kahi e hāʻawi ai i nā dynamics electrode maikaʻi aʻe. No laila, he kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka sodium-ion i ka wela kiʻekiʻe a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a hiki ke hoʻopiʻi koke ʻia.
• ʻOi aku ka nui o ke koho ʻana o nā ʻōhua sodium-ion i nā mea electrode maikaʻi. Aneane hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea metala hoʻololi a pau ma ka lālani mua o ka papaʻaina manawa i nā pākahiko sodium-ion. Ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o Na⁺ (radius 0.102nm) a me nā ion metala hoʻololi (radius 0.05-0.07nm), i kūpono i ko lākou kaʻawale ʻana.
• ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kūpaʻa kūloko o ka pā sodium-ion ma mua o ka pā lithium-ion. I ka hihia kaapuni pōkole, emi ka wela koke, ʻoi aku ka lohi o ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka wela o ka holo ʻana ma mua o ka pā lithium, no laila ʻoi aku ka palekana o ka pā sodium-ion.
• Hiki i ka radius nui o ka sodium-ion ke alakaʻi i ka haki ʻana o nā mea i ka wā e wehe ʻia ai mai ka mea electrode, no laila e pili ana i ka hana kinetic holoʻokoʻa o ka pākaukau a me ka pono o ka electrode.
• ʻOi aku ka nui o ka sodium electrode maʻamau (0.33V kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka lithium), e hopena i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka ikehu a paʻakikī ke hoʻokūkū me nā pā lithium-ion ma ka māhele mana.

Ka holomua noiʻi hou loa

I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua loaʻa i ka noiʻi ʻana i nā pāpaʻi sodium-ion i nā mea cathode cobalt-free cathode kiʻekiʻe no nā pākahi sodium-ion, polyanionic sulfate haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa no ka electrode maikaʻi o nā pā sodium-ion, nā pūhui nano-pb i hoʻohana ʻia i ka electrode maikaʻi o ka sodium. -ʻo nā ʻona, nā noiʻi maʻamau e pili ana i nā mea anode organik no nā pāpaʻi sodium-ion i nā noi pāʻoihana hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia, nā oxides metala a me nā sulfides i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea anode no nā pākahi sodium-ion, ʻO ka Nanoengineering o nā mea kalapona kiʻekiʻe i nā pāpaʻi sodium-ion, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano o ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe ma ke aʻo ʻana i nā ʻāpana sodium-ion. Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, he wahi hotspot noiʻi no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea electrode maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole mai nā ʻano o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke ʻano o ka hoʻololi ʻana, ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā ʻano hoʻomākaukau a me ka ʻimi ʻana i ka mīkini mālama mālama sodium e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻokūkū holoʻokoʻa o nā pā pā sodium-ion.