kapuaʻi kalapona

Ka hope a me ka hana o kaEU's “Hooponopono Bateri Hou”

ʻO ka hoʻoponopono a EU ma luna o nā ʻeke a me nā ʻōpala ʻōpala,also known as theKa Hooponopono Bateri Hou o EU, ua noi ʻia e ka EU i Dekemaba 2020 e hoʻopau mālie i ka Directive 2006/66/EC, e hoʻololi i ka Regulation (EU) No 2019/1020, a e hōʻano hou i ke kānāwai pākahiko EU.

ʻO ka Directive Battery o kēia manawa (2006/66/EC), i paʻi ʻia i ka makahiki 2006, e kau nui i nā palena i ka palena palena a me ka hōʻailona ʻana i nā mea ʻino (mercury, cadmium a me ke alakaʻi) i loko o nā pā i kau ʻia ma ka mākeke EU, akā ʻaʻole ia e kuhikuhi i nā hana ʻē aʻe. nā hōʻailona ma ke kahua o ka hana pākaukau, hoʻohana a hana hou. ʻO kaHooponopono Bateri Hou hoʻopau i kēia hemahema, me ka manaʻo ʻana i kekahi ʻano o nā koi no nā ʻenekini paʻa, recyclable a palekana hoʻi, me nā lula kapuaʻi kalapona, ka liʻiliʻi o ka recycling maʻiʻo, ka hana a me nā kūlana paʻa, a pēlā aku. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka carbon footprint i kēia hoʻololi hoʻoponopono pākaukau ua hoʻokipa nui ʻia e nā mea hana. I kēia mau lā, ua loaʻa iā MCM ka nui o nā nīnau e pili ana i kēia, no laila mākou e hoʻoponopono a loiloi i nā ʻike a me nā koi o ka carbon footprint ma ʻaneʻi no kāu kuhikuhi.

Nā koi no ka wāwae kalapona 

Mokuna 7 o kaHooponopono Bateri Hou e pili ana i nā pono kapuaʻi kalapona no nā pihi kaʻa uila, nā kaʻa māmā a me nā ʻoihana ʻenehana. Pono e hui pū ʻia nā pihi kaʻa uila a me nā ʻoihana ʻenehana rechargeable me ka hiki ke ʻoi aku ma mua o 2kWh me nā palapala ʻenehana. Pono e loaʻa i kēlā me kēia kumu hoʻohālike pākahiko a me kēlā me kēia pūʻulu mea kanu i kahi ʻōlelo kapu kalapona, me:

(a) ʻIke e pili ana i ka mea hana;

(b) Nā palapala e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka pākaukau i pili ai ka ʻōlelo;

(c) ʻIke e pili ana i ka ʻāina o nā keʻena hana pākaukau;

(d) Aia ka kapuaʻi kalapona o ka pōʻaiapili ola pālolo ma nā kilokani o CO₂ like;

(e) ʻO ke kapuaʻi kalapona o ka pila ma kēlā me kēia pae o kona pōʻaiapuni ola;

(f) ʻO ka helu ʻike o ka ʻōlelo hoʻohālikelike EU o ka pākaukau

ʻO ke ʻano helu o ka wāwae kalapona

Hāʻawi ʻia nā ʻano helu o ka wāwae kalapona ma ka Appendix II o kaHooponopono Bateri Hou. Aia ʻekolu ʻano:

1) Huakaʻi Kaiapuni (PEF)

https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32013H0179&from=EN

2) Nā Rula Kānāwai Kaiapuni Huawai (PEFCR)

https://green-business.ec.europa.eu/environmental-footprint-methods_en

3) ʻO nā kuʻikahi honua a me nā holomua ʻenehana ma ke kahua o ka loiloi ola

https://circabc.europa.eu/ui/group/6e9b7f79-da96-4a53-956f-e8f62c9d7fed/library/537534a4-9c76-40a1-b488-e9127db2befd/details?download=truetails

Pono e helu ʻia ka pōʻaiapuni o ke ola ma luna o ka bila o nā mea waiwai, ikehu a me nā mea kōkua i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i kahi ʻano pākaukau ma kekahi mea kanu. ʻO ka mea nui, ʻo nā mea uila (e like me nā ʻāpana hoʻokele pākaukau, nā ʻāpana palekana) a me nā mea electrode maikaʻi nā mea kōkua nui i ka wāwae kalapona o nā pā. Pono ke ʻano o ka pahu kalapona i hana ʻia ma kahi kahua hana kikoʻī. Pono nā hoʻololi i ka papa inoa waiwai a i ʻole ka hui pū ʻana o ka ikehu i hoʻohana ʻia i ka helu hou ʻana o ke kapuaʻi kalapona o ke kumu hoʻohālike.

Ka helu hoʻokō kalapona kapuaʻi

Ma muli o ka hāʻawi ʻana o ka carbon footprint i haʻi ʻia i ka waiwai o ka pākaukau ma ka mākeke, e hoʻoholo ʻia ka helu hana o ka wāwae carbon e hoʻokō i ka ʻokoʻa mākeke. ʻO ka Māhele A ʻo ia ka ʻāpana maikaʻi loa me ka hopena o ka pōʻaiapuni o ke ola. Na ke Komisina e hoʻoholo i ka pae kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka pōʻaiapuni o ka carbon footprint paepae no nā ʻoihana ʻenehana me ka hiki ke ʻoi aku ma mua o 2kWh ma muli o ka helu hana. Ma ia manawa, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia aku i ka EU nā pākahi i ʻoi aku ma mua o ka paepae wāwae carbon.

Lā hoʻokō carbon footprint

²Mai Iulai 1, 2024, e koi ʻia nā pihi kaʻa uila, nā ʻeke kaʻa kaʻa māmā a me nā ʻoihana ʻoihana e haʻi i ko lākou mau kapuaʻi kalapona;

²Mai Ianuali 1, 2025, e koi ʻia nā pākaʻi kaʻa uila, nā pihi kaʻa kaʻa māmā a me nā ʻoihana ʻenehana i ka helu hana ʻana o ka wāwae carbon;

(E hoʻopuka ke Komisina ʻEulopa i ke ʻano helu helu ma 31 Dekemaba 2024)

²Mai Iulai 1, 2027, pono e loaʻa i nā pihi kaʻa kaʻa uila, nā pihi kaʻa kaʻa māmā a me nā ʻeke ʻenehana me ka ikehu ma luna o 2kWh e loaʻa i ka pae kiʻekiʻe o ke ola holoʻokoʻa.

(E hoʻopuka ke Komisina ʻEulopa i kahi paepae kapu kalapona ma Iulai 1, 2025)

Uku kalapona

Hoʻolauna pōkole

Mechanism Hooponopono Palena Kalapona(CBAM) he uku kūikawā no ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o carbon dioxide ma nā huahana i lawe ʻia mai, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka ʻauhau hoʻoponopono palena kalapona. I ka makahiki 2021, i mea e hoʻokō ai i ka pahuhopu o ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā kalapona e 55% e 2030, ua hoʻokomo ka EU.Kūpono no 55, he moʻo kauā kānāwai me ka uku kalapona.

Ka laulā o ka noi

Hoʻopili ʻo CBAM i nā māla o ke kila, sima, mea hoʻomomona, aluminika a me ka uila, nā kemika (hydrogen, ammonia, wai amonia) a me nā polymers (nā huahana plastik). Hoʻokuʻu ʻia kekahi mau ʻāina a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāina mai nā ʻauhau pili, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻāina ʻaʻole EU a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana i hui pū me ka ʻōnaehana kālepa hoʻokuʻu ʻana o EU, a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāina a me nā ʻāpana i ʻike like i ka ʻōnaehana kālepa hoʻokuʻu EU, akā ʻaʻole ʻo Kina.

Kumuhana o ka auhau

ʻO ke kumuhana ʻauhau o CBAM ka mea lawe mai i ka EU.Pono nā mea lawe mai e hoʻopaʻa inoa me ka EU CBAM mana hoʻomalu a hiki ke hoʻokomo i nā huahana kūpono wale nō ma hope o ka ʻae ʻia. Penei ke kumu helu helu.

ʻO nā uku CBAM = kumukūʻai kalapona no kēlā me kēia ʻāpana (EUR/ton) x ka hoʻokuʻu kalapona (ton)

Hoʻokuʻu kalapona (toni)=cka nui o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o arbon × ka nui o nā huahana (tono)

Ka wā hoʻololi

E hoʻomaka ʻo CBAM i ka hana hoʻokolokolo ma ʻOkakopa i kēia makahiki. ʻO ka manawa mai 2023 a 2026 ka hana hoʻokolohua hoʻololi o CBAM. I loko o ka wā hoʻololi, pono wale nā ​​​​mea lawe mai o EU e hoʻouna i ka ʻikepili i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki (ka ʻike e pili ana i ka nui o ka nui o nā huahana i lawe ʻia mai i ka hapaha, pololei a pololei ʻole i nā kalapona kalapona o nā huahana i lawe ʻia mai, nā kumu kūʻai kalapona i uku ʻia e nā huahana i lawe ʻia mai i ka ʻāina hānau, etc.) a ʻaʻole e koi ʻia e uku i ka uku kalapona ma nā huahana i lawe ʻia mai. Mai ka makahiki 2027, e koi ʻia nā mea lawe mai o EU e hāʻawi i ka nui o nā hōʻoia uila CBAM, ʻo ia hoʻi, e kau ʻia nā uku kalapona.

'Ōlelo Aʻo: 1. Hoʻokuʻu kalapona pololei: ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o kahi huahana i ka wā hana ma lalo o ka mana pololei o ka mea hana.

2. Nā hoʻokuʻu kalapona ʻole: ʻO nā mea i hoʻoiho ʻia e ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka uila i ka wā o ka hana ʻana o ka huahana.

Hoʻohana ʻo EU CBAM i ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa ola holoʻokoʻa e ana i nā hoʻokuʻu kalapona. Inā ʻaʻole hiki i kahi ʻoihana ke helu pololei, ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻokuʻu kalapona paʻamau ka awelika kalapona kalapona o ka hana kalapona haʻahaʻa loa (lalo 10%) o kaʻoihana ka hana ʻana i nā ʻano huahana like ma ka ʻāina e lawe aku ana. Inā ʻaʻole hāʻawi ka ʻoihana i ka ʻikepili e pili ana i ka hoʻokuʻu kalapona, e hoʻohana ʻia ka awelika kalapona kalapona o nā mea hoʻokani kalapona haʻahaʻa (lalo 5%) o nā ʻoihana e hana ana i nā ʻano huahana like i ka EU.

Ka hopena

Holo ka wāwae kalapona i ke kaʻina ola holoʻokoʻa o ka pākaukau, e pili ana i nā mea maka, ka hana ʻana, ke kaulahao lako, ka noi a me ka hana hou. ʻO ka EUHooponopono Bateri Hou a me ka uku kalapona e nānā kūikawā i ka hoʻokuʻu kalapona o nā huahana, a e hana i nā koi ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī a me ka maopopo no nā ʻōlelo hoʻolaha kapuaʻi kalapona, ka helu hana a me nā paepae, a me nā mea hana hou. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe kūlana a me nā ʻano hana moʻohelu kalapona kalapona i ka ʻoihana pākaukau o Kina, a ʻaʻohe mea paʻa ka ʻikepili carbon footprint. Inā ʻo ia ka hōʻike mua ʻana o ka carbon footprint data, a i ʻole ka helu carbon footprint a me nā lula paepae e lawe mai i nā luʻi nui i ke kumukūʻai kūʻai aku a me ka lawe ʻana aku. I kēia manawa aia kekahi mau ʻoihana pākaukau kūloko i hoʻokuʻu i nā huahana zero-carbon, nā hale kūʻai zero-carbon, nā hale hana zero-carbon. Pono nā hui ʻē aʻe e hoʻomaopopo i ka manawa a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā koi o nā lula EU i ka hiki ke hiki, e hōʻoia i ka hoʻokō ʻana o ka lawe ʻana aku i nā pihi a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe i ka EU me nā lula.

ʻO ka mahina aʻe e lawe mai iā ʻoe i ka wehewehe ʻana i nā ʻāpana hiki ke hoʻohana hou ʻia o nā pihi ma ka Mokuna 8 o EU's Hooponopono Bateri Hou: nā ʻakomi lawe lima, nā ʻōhua lawe māmā, nā ʻōhua ʻenehana, nā ʻōhua kaʻa uila a me nā pihi kaʻa.