Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā pākahi lithium ma ke ʻano he waiwai weliweli?

ʻAe, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā pākahi lithium ma ke ʻano he waiwai weliweli.

E like me nā hoʻoponopono honua e like me kaNā Manaʻo no ka lawe ʻana i nā waiwai ʻino(TDG), kaKānāwai Waiwai Pilikino Moana Nui(IMDG Code), a me kaNā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no ka lawe ʻana i ka palekana o nā waiwai weliweli ma ka lewai paʻi ʻia e ka International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), hāʻule nā ​​pahu lithium ma lalo o ka Papa 9: Nā mea weliweli like ʻole a me nā ʻatikala, me nā mea pōʻino pili i ke kaiapuni.

Aia he 3 mau ʻāpana nui o nā pā lithium me 5 mau helu UN i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e pili ana i nā loina hana a me nā ala kaʻa.

• ʻO nā pākahi lithium kū hoʻokahi: Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale hou ʻia lākou i nā pākahi metala lithium a me nā pā lithium-ion, e pili ana i nā helu UN UN3090 a me UN3480, kēlā me kēia.
• Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻeke Lithium i nā mea hana: Pēlā nō, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou i nā pākahi metala lithium a me nā pā lithium-ion, e pili ana i nā helu UN UN3091 a me UN3481, kēlā me kēia.
• ʻO nā kaʻa uila uila a i ʻole nā ​​mea hoʻokele ponoʻī: ʻO nā laʻana e pili ana i nā kaʻa uila, nā paikikala uila, nā scooter uila, nā noho huila uila, etc., e pili ana i ka helu UN UN3171.

Pono anei nā pākahi lithium i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā waiwai pōʻino?

Wahi a nā hoʻoponopono TDG, ʻo nā pākahi lithium e koi ana i ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā huahana pōʻino:

• ʻO nā ʻona metala lithium a i ʻole nā ​​pā lithium alloy me kahi ʻike lithium ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 1g.
• Lithium metala a i ʻole lithium alloy pūkeke me ka nui o ka lithium ma mua o 2g.
• ʻO nā ʻoniʻoni lithium-ion me ka mana helu ʻoi aku ma mua o 20 Wh, a me nā ʻeke pākahi lithium-ion me ka mana helu ma mua o 100 Wh.

He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo i ka pono e hōʻike i ka helu watt-hola ma ka pahu o waho. Eia hou, pono lākou e hōʻike i nā hōʻailona pākaukau lithium kūpono, e komo pū ana me kahi palena ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula a me kahi hōʻailona ʻeleʻele e hōʻike ana i ka pilikia o ke ahi no nā ʻeke a me nā kelepona.

He aha nā koi hoʻāʻo ma mua o ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā pā lithium?

Ma mua o ka hoʻouna ʻia ʻana o nā pākahi lithium me nā helu UN UN3480, UN3481, UN3090, a me UN3091, pono lākou e hana i nā ʻano hoʻokolohua e like me ka Subsection 38.3 o ka Māhele III o ka United Nations.Nā Manaʻo no ka lawe ʻana i nā waiwai ʻino - Manual of Tests and Criteria. Aia nā hoʻāʻo: simulation kiʻekiʻe, hoʻāʻo kaʻa uila wela (ke kiʻekiʻe a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa), ka haʻalulu, ka haʻalulu, ka pōkole pōkole waho ma 55 ℃, ka hopena, ka ʻūhā, ka overcharge, a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia. Hana ʻia kēia mau hoʻāʻo e hōʻoia i ka lawe palekana ʻana o nā pā lithium.

He aha nā kaʻina hana hoʻokuʻu aku no nā pā lithium?

Wahi a ka Paukū 17 o kaKanawai o ka Lahui's Lepupalika o Kina ma ka nānā ʻana i nā mea kūʻai mai ka lawe ʻana a me ka lawe ʻana aku, ʻO nā ʻoihana e hana ana i nā pahu pahu no ka lawe ʻana aku i nā waiwai pōʻino e pono e pili i ka nānā ʻana a me nā mana quarantine no ka loiloi hana o nā pahu pahu. Pono nā ʻoihana e hana ana a lawe aku i nā huahana pōʻino no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka loiloi o nā pahu pahu mai ka nānā ʻana a me nā mana quarantine. No laila, no nā pākahi lithium i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka hōʻiliʻili waiwai pōʻino, pono ka ʻoihana e pili i nā kuʻuna kūloko no ka nānā ʻana i ka hana ʻana a hoʻohana i ka loiloi ma mua o ka lawe ʻana aku. Pono ka ʻoihana e loaʻa i kaPuka hopena o ka nānā 'ana i nā waiwai no wahoa me kaHoʻohana ʻia ka Pepa Hoʻohana Hoʻohana ʻia i nā Huakaʻi Kūʻai Kūʻē i waho. Hiki ke maʻalahi ke kaʻina hana palapala e like me nā lula pili e like me kaHoolaha no ka Digitization o Inspection and Quarantine Documents.

ʻO nā ʻoihana e hana ana i ka ʻeke no ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā waiwai pōʻino e pono e pili i nā kuʻuna kūloko no kaPuka hopena o ka nānā 'ana i nā waiwai no waho. Hoʻoholo ʻia ka manawa kūpono o ka palapala ma muli o ke ʻano waiwai o ka pahu pahu a me ke ʻano o nā waiwai e lawe ai, ʻaʻole ma mua o 12 mau mahina mai ka lā i hana ʻia ai ka ipu. Inā ʻaʻole i hoʻouna ʻia nā huahana i loko o ka manawa kūpono, a maikaʻi ka ʻeke o waho, hiki i ka ʻoihana ke noi hou no ka nānā ʻana i ka hana hoʻopihapiha. Ma hope o ka hala ʻana o ka nānā ʻana, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka palapala hou no ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana a paʻa mau a hiki i 6 mau mahina mai ka lā i pau ai ka nānā ʻana.

Pono nā ʻoihana e hana ana i nā waiwai pōʻino (ʻo ia hoʻi, ka mea hana pākaukau lithium a i ʻole ka mea hoʻopuka) e pili i nā kuʻuna kūloko no kaHoʻohana ʻia ka Pepa Hoʻohana Hoʻohana ʻia i nā Huakaʻi Kūʻai Kūʻē i waho. Pono e hōʻike ʻia nā pila lithium i ka ikehu helu (W·h). I ka wā o ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka loiloi hoʻohana ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā huahana pōʻino i waho, e noʻonoʻo nā kuʻuna i nā pae aʻe no ka hōʻoia:

• Pono e paʻi ʻia nā hōʻailona hōʻailona UN, paʻa, a pololei, ʻike pūʻulu, a me nā hōʻailona waiwai weliweli ma ka pahu pahu. Pono nā hōʻailona, ​​​​nā hōʻailona, ​​​​a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā koi kūpono.
• Pono e maʻemaʻe ke ʻano o waho o ka puʻupuʻu, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia ke koena, haumia, a leaka paha.
• I ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā pahu lāʻau a i ʻole nā ​​pahu fiberboard me nā kui, pono lākou e hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻia, a e kūlou i lalo nā kumu kui. ʻAʻole pono e puka mai ke kumu kui a me nā pāpale. Pono e paʻa ke kino pahu, a paʻa ke kaula a puni ka pahu. ʻAʻole i poino ʻia nā pahu pepa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, me ka paʻa paʻa paʻa a paʻa, a paʻa ke kaula a puni ka pahu.
• Pono e loaʻa nā mea hoʻokele ʻole ma waena o kēlā me kēia pākahi a i ʻole nā ​​ʻeke pākahi a me nā ʻeke i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i mea e pale ai i ka launa pū ʻana.
• Pono e loa'a i nā pila nā mea pale pōkole.
• ʻAʻole pono e kākoʻo nā electrodes o nā ʻaʻa i ke kaumaha o nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.
• Pono e hoʻokō ʻia nā hoʻolako kūikawā no ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā pākahi lithium a i ʻole nā ​​​​puke pākaukau i nā lula honua.

ʻO nā hewa maʻamau

Mai nā hewa maʻamau i ka lawe ʻia ʻana o nā pā lithium, ʻo nā pilikia nui i ʻike ʻia e nā kuʻuna:Hoʻohana ʻia ka Pepa Hoʻohana Hoʻohana ʻia i nā Huakaʻi Kūʻai Kūʻē i wahome ka hoʻokō ʻole i nā kūlana hoʻokuʻu; Ua uhi ʻia a ʻaʻole hōʻike ʻia nā māka pākaukau lithium ma ka pahu waho e like me ka mea e pono ai.

Nā Pilikia Lepili

• Hiki ke paʻi ʻia nā lepili uila uila lithium ma ka pepa A4?

ʻAʻole paipai ʻia e paʻi ma ka pepa A4 no ka mea hiki ke alakaʻi maʻalahi i ka pōʻino a hemo paha. No ka lawe ʻana ma ke kai, pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe a ʻike ʻia nā lepili halihali ma hope o ka hoʻoluhi ʻana i ke kai no ʻekolu mahina.

• Aia i loko o ka TDG nā lepili kaʻa papa 9 i kahi papa kuhikuhi? Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻaʻole kūpono nā lepili me ka laina ʻole?

E like me nā hoʻoponopono lepili ma ka Pauku 5.2.2.2, TDG Volume 2, inā hoʻopili ʻia ka lepili i kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa, ʻaʻohe pono e wehewehe i ka ʻaoʻao o waho me kahi laina kaha.

Pehea e hoʻokō ai i kahi loiloi hoʻohana no nā keʻena mālama ʻana i ka ikehu pākahi lithium me ka nui ma mua o ke ʻano o ka loiloi hoʻohana ʻana i nā huahana pōʻino?

No nā keʻena hoʻopaʻa ikehu me nā ʻokoʻa lithium i kūkulu ʻia, no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou e hāʻule i loko o ke ʻano o ka nānā ʻana i ka hōkeo waiwai. No laila, ʻaʻohe pono e hoʻouna i nā palapala i nā kuʻuna no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka loiloi hoʻohana ʻana i nā huahana pōʻino.

Nā koi no ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā pākahi lithium-ion?

ka nānā ʻana i ka hōkeo ʻana i nā ukana.

No ka lawe ʻana mai o nā pā lithium, ua lawa ka hōʻike UN38.3, a ʻaʻohe pono e hana.