Hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā Bateri Hou (Kūpono EU)
HouʻO nā ʻanuʻuHoʻoponopono (EU Proposal),
ʻO nā ʻanuʻu,
▍He aha ka cTUVus & ETL CERTIFICATION?
ʻO OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration), pili i ka US DOL (Department of Labor), koi i nā huahana a pau e hoʻohana ʻia ma kahi hana pono e hoʻāʻo a hōʻoia ʻia e NRTL ma mua o ke kūʻai ʻia ʻana ma ka mākeke.ʻO nā kūlana hoʻāʻo kūpono e pili ana i nā maʻamau American National Standards Institute (ANSI);Nā kūlana o ka American Society for Testing Material (ASTM), nā kūlana Underwriter Laboratory (UL), a me nā kūlana o ka hui hui ʻana o ka hale hana.
▍OSHA, NRTL, cTUVus, ETL a me UL wehewehe a me ka pilina
OSHA:ʻO ka pōkole o ka ʻoihana palekana a me ka mālama ola kino.He hui ia o US DOL (Department of Labor).
NRTL：Hoʻopau ʻia o ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻike ʻia o ka Lahui.ʻO ia ke kuleana o ka ʻae ʻana o ka lab.Aia a hiki i kēia manawa, aia he 18 mau keʻena hoʻāʻo ʻaoʻao ʻekolu i ʻae ʻia e NRTL, me TUV, ITS, MET a pēlā aku.
cTUVus：Hōʻailona hōʻoia o TUVRh ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau.
ETL：ʻO ka pōkole o ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Uila ʻAmelika.Ua hoʻokumu ʻia i ka makahiki 1896 e Albert Einstein, ka mea hana ʻAmelika.
UL：ʻO ka pōkole o Underwriter Laboratories Inc.
▍ ʻOkoʻa ma waena o cTUVus, ETL & UL
| 'ikamu | UL | cTUVus | ETL |
| Hoʻohana maʻamau | Ua like | ||
| Pono ke kula no ka loaa palapala | NRTL (Lahui i ʻae ʻia e ka lāhui) | ||
| Makeke noi | ʻAmelika ʻĀkau (US a me Kanada) | ||
| ʻOihana hoʻāʻo a hōʻoia | Hana ʻo Underwriter Laboratory (China) Inc i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana a hoʻopuka i ka leka hoʻopau papahana | Hana ʻo MCM i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana a me ka palapala hoʻopuka TUV | Hana ʻo MCM i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana a me ka palapala hoʻopuka TUV |
| Ka manawa o waena o ka hoʻomaka a i ka wā pau | 5-12W | 2-3W | 2-3W |
| Uku noi | Kiʻekiʻe ma ka hoa | Ma kahi o 50 ~ 60% o ke kumukūʻai UL | Ma kahi o 60 ~ 70% o ke kumukūʻai UL |
| Pōmaikaʻi | He hui kūloko ʻAmelika me ka ʻike maikaʻi ʻia ma US a me Kanada | Loaʻa i kahi hui International ka mana a hāʻawi i ke kumukūʻai kūpono, e ʻike ʻia e ʻAmelika ʻAmelika | He hui ʻAmelika me ka ʻike maikaʻi ʻia ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau |
| Ka pōʻino |
| ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hōʻailona ma mua o ka UL | ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻike ma mua o ka UL i ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka ʻāpana huahana |
▍No ke aha MCM?
● Kākoʻo palupalu mai ka hōʻoia a me ka ʻenehana:Ma ke ʻano he keʻena hoʻāʻo hōʻike o TUVRH a me ITS ma North American Certification, hiki iā MCM ke hana i nā ʻano hoʻāʻo āpau a hāʻawi i ka lawelawe ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻenehana he alo a he alo.
● Kākoʻo paʻakikī mai ka ʻenehana:Hoʻolako ʻia ʻo MCM me nā mea hoʻāʻo a pau no nā pāhana o nā papahana nui, liʻiliʻi a pololei (ʻo ia hoʻi ke kaʻa uila uila, ka ikehu mālama, a me nā huahana uila uila), hiki ke hāʻawi i nā lawelawe hoʻāʻo a me nā lawelawe hōʻoia ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, e uhi ana i nā kūlana. UL2580, UL1973, UL2271, UL1642, UL2054 a pēlā aku.
Ua noi ke Komisina i kahi houʻO nā ʻanuʻuHooponopono me na Annex ma ka la 10 o Dekemaba 2020
kau ʻia ke kikoo o nā lula hou ma ka EU's Battery Directive 2006/66/EC.ʻO nā pahuhopu o ka
Aia i loko o ka manaʻo he ʻekolu mau ʻaoʻao: kahi hoʻonohonoho maʻamau o nā lula e hōʻoia i kahi kahua pāʻani pae, no laila
e hooikaika ana i ka makeke kuloko e like me na huahana, na ka'ina hana, a me na pauku pila, hana o
pākaukau a me nā huahana hana hou;Hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻokele waiwai pōʻai;Hoemi i ke kaiapuni a me ka pilikanaka
nā hopena i nā pae a pau o ke kaʻina ola pākaukau.
Manaʻo ke Kōmike i nā koi koi no ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana a me ka hana hou ʻana no nā pākahi a pau (ʻo ia hoʻi
ʻenehana, kaʻa, kaʻa uila a me ka portable) i kau ʻia ma ka mākeke EU.E like me:
1. No nā ʻokoʻa paʻa, pono e piʻi ka helu o kēia manawa o 45% o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i 65% i 2025 a
70% i ka makahiki 2030. Pono e hana hou ʻia a hoʻohana hou ʻia nā pākahi a pau i hōʻiliʻili ʻia, ʻoi aku ka hoʻohana hou ʻana o ka cobalt, lithium,
nickel, kēpau, etc.
2. Mai ka lā 1 Iulai 2024, ʻo nā pākahi kaʻa ʻoihana a me nā kaʻa uila hiki ke hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia no ke kalapona.
Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻōlelo wāwae wāwae, hiki ke kau ʻia ma ka mākeke
3. Mai Ianuali 1, 2026, pono e hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia nā huahana e like me ka hana kalapona
ʻāpana, i hiki i nā mea kūʻai ke hoʻomaopopo i ka hoʻokuʻu kalapona i ka wā o ka hana, hiki,
nā ʻano hana hou, nā mea ʻino a me nā pilikia palekana o ka pākaukau
