ʻO ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka pākaukau mana kūloko a me nā kūlana loiloi
▍ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana a me ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka pākaukau traction ma nā wahi like ʻole
| ʻO ka papa ʻaina o ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka pākaukau traction ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe | ||||
| ʻāina/ ʻāina | Papahana hōʻoia | Kūlana | Kumuhana palapala | Pono a ʻaʻole paha |
| ʻAmelika ʻĀkau | cTUVus | UL 2580 | ʻO ka pākaukau a me ke kelepona i hoʻohana ʻia i ke kaʻa uila | NO |
| UL 2271 | Hoʻohana ʻia ka pākaukau ma ke kaʻa uila māmā | NO | ||
| Kina | Koi ʻia ka palapala hōʻoia | GB 38031, GB/T 31484, GB/T 31486 | Pūnaehana kelepona / pākaukau i hoʻohana ʻia i ka kaʻa uila | ʻAE |
| Palapala hōʻoia CQC | GB/T 36972 | Hoʻohana ʻia ka pākaukau ma ke kaʻa uila | NO | |
| EU | ECE | UN ECE R100 | Hoʻohana ʻia ka pākaukau traction i ka kaʻa o ka waeʻano M/N | ʻAE |
| UN ECE R136 | Hoʻohana ʻia ka pākaukau tract i ka kaʻa o ka māhele L | ʻAE | ||
| TUV Mark | EN 50604-1 | Hoʻohana ʻia ka pākaukau lithium lua i ka kaʻa uila māmā | NO | |
| IECEE | CB | IEC 62660-1/-2/-3 | Kelepona traction lithium lua | NO |
| Wiekanama | VR | QCVN 76-2019 | Hoʻohana ʻia ka pākaukau ma ke kaʻa uila | ʻAE |
| QCVN 91-2019 | Hoʻohana ʻia ka pākaukau ma ke kaʻa kaʻa uila | ʻAE | ||
| ʻInia | CMVR | AIS 156 Amd.3 | Hoʻohana ʻia ka pākaukau tract i ka kaʻa o ka māhele L | ʻAE |
| AIS 038 Rev.2 Amd.3 | Hoʻohana ʻia ka pākaukau traction i ka kaʻa o ka waeʻano M/N | ʻAE | ||
| IS | IS16893-2/-3 | Kelepona traction lithium lua | ʻAE | |
| Korea | KC | KC 62133-：2020 | Hoʻohana ʻia nā pākahi Lithium i nā hāmeʻa kaʻa pilikino (nā skateboards uila, nā kaʻa kaulike, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) me ka wikiwiki ma lalo o 25km/h | ʻAE |
| KMVSS | KMVSS Paukū 18-3 KMVSSTP 48KSR1024(Hoʻohana ʻia ka pahu uila i ka pahi uila) | Hoʻohana ʻia ka pākahi lithium Traction i ka kaʻa uila | ʻAE | |
| Taiwan | BSMI | CNS 15387, CNS 15424-1 a i ʻole CNS 15424-2 | Hoʻohana ʻia ka pākaukau Lithium-ion i ke kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa uila/paikikala/ paikikala kōkua | ʻAE |
| UN ECE R100 | Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻōnaehana pākahiko i loko o ka kaʻa huila ʻehā | ʻAE | ||
| Malaia | SIRIM | Pili ka pae honua | Hoʻohana ʻia ka pākaukau hili ma ke kaʻa alanui uila | NO |
| Tailani | TISI | UN ECE R100 UN ECE R136 | Pūnaehana pākahiko traction | NO |
| Kaʻahele | Hooiaio no ka lawe ana i na waiwai | UN38.3/DGR/IMDG code | pūʻolo uila/ kaʻa uila | ʻAE |
▍ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka hōʻoia nui o ka pā traction
♦Palapala ECE
●Hoʻolauna
ECE, ka pōkole o ka United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, i pūlima i ka "CONCERNING THE ADOPTION OF UNIFORM TECHNICAL PRESCRIPTIONS FOR WEELED VEHICLES, EQUIPMENT AND PARTS I hiki ke hoʻopili a / a i ʻole e hoʻohana ʻia ma luna o nā kaʻa huila a me nā kūlana o ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana. HA'A'IA MA KE KUMU O KEIA PRESCRIPTIONS "ma 1958. Ma hope o kēlā, ua hoʻomaka nā ʻaoʻao ʻaelike e hoʻomohala i kahi hoʻonohonoho like ʻole o nā hoʻoponopono kaʻa kaʻa (ECE regulations) e hōʻoia i ka kaʻa kaʻa kūpono a me kā lākou mau ʻāpana. ʻIke maikaʻi ʻia ka hōʻoia ʻana o nā ʻāina pili i waena o kēia mau ʻāpana ʻaelike. Hoʻolālā ʻia nā lula ECE e ka Road Transport Commission Vehicle Structure Expert Group (WP29) ma lalo o ka United Nations Economic Commission for Europe.
●Māhele noi
Hoʻopili nā lula ECE Automotive i nā koi huahana no ka walaʻau, braking, chassis, ikehu, kukui, pale o ka noho, a me nā mea hou aku.
●Nā koi no nā kaʻa uila
| Kūlana huahana | Māhele noi |
| ECE-R100 | Kaʻa o ka māhele M a me N (kaʻa ʻehā huila uila) |
| ECE-R136 | Kaʻa o ka māhele L (kaʻa huila ʻelua a huila ʻekolu) |
●Maka
E4: Netherlands (ʻokoʻa nā ʻāina a me nā ʻāina i nā code helu like ʻole, e like me E5 e hōʻike ana iā Sweden);
100R: Helu hooponopono;
022492:Helu apono (helu palapala);
♦ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o India traction battery
● Hoʻolauna
I ka makahiki 1989, ua kau ke Aupuni o India i ka Central Motor Vehicles Act (CMVR). Ua ʻōlelo ke kānāwai ʻo nā kaʻa kaʻa alanui āpau, nā kaʻa mīkini hana, nā kaʻa mahiʻai a me nā ʻoihana ulu lāʻau, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e pili ana iā CMVR pono e noi no ka palapala koi mai kahi hui hōʻoia i ʻike ʻia e ka Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRT&H). ʻO ke kau ʻana o ke kānāwai e hōʻailona ana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hōʻoia ʻana o nā kaʻa kaʻa ma India. Ma hope iho, koi ke aupuni India e hoʻāʻo a hōʻoia ʻia nā mea palekana koʻikoʻi i hoʻohana ʻia i nā kaʻa, a ma ka lā 15 Kepakemapa 1997, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka Automotive Industry Standards Committee (AISC), a ua hoʻolālā ʻia nā kūlana kūpono a hoʻopuka ʻia e ke kākau ʻōlelo ARAI. .
●Hoʻohana i ka māka
ʻAʻohe māka i koi ʻia. I kēia manawa, hiki i ka mana o India ke hoʻopau i ka hōʻoia ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā hoʻokolohua e like me ka maʻamau a me ka hoʻopuka ʻana i ka hōʻike hōʻike, me ka ʻole o ka palapala hōʻoia kūpono a me ka hōʻailona hōʻoia.
● Tmea kūʻai aku:
| IS 16893-2/-3: 2018 | AIS 038Rev.2 | AIS 156 | |
| Lā hoʻokō | 2022.10.01 | Ua koi 'ia mai 2022.10.01 'Apono 'ia nā noi hana | |
| Kuhikuhi | IEC 62660-2: 2010 IEC 62660-3: 2016 | ʻO UNECE R100 Rev.3 nā koi ʻenehana a me nā ʻano hoʻāʻo e like me UN GTR 20 Phase1 | UN ECE R136 |
| Māhele noi | Pūnaewele o nā Bateri Traction | Kaʻa o ka māhele M a me N | Kaʻa o ka māhele L |
♦ʻAmelika ʻĀkau Traction Battery Certification
●Hoʻolauna
ʻAʻohe palapala koi koi ʻia ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau. Eia nō naʻe, aia nā paena traction batteries i hoʻopuka ʻia e SAE a me UL, e like me SAE 2464, SAE2929, UL 2580, etc. Hoʻohana ʻia nā kūlana UL e nā hui he nui e like me TÜV RH a me ETL e hoʻokuʻu i ka palapala manawaleʻa.
● Māhele
| Kūlana | Poʻo inoa | Hoʻolauna |
| UL 2580 | Kūlana no nā Bateri no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kaʻa uila | Aia kēia maʻamau i nā kaʻa alanui a me nā kaʻa kaʻa ʻole alanui e like me ke kaʻa ʻoihana. |
| UL 2271 | Kūlana maʻamau no nā Bateri no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā noi kaʻa uila māmā (LEV). | Aia kēia maʻamau i nā kaʻa uila, nā scooter, nā kaʻa kolepa, nā noho huila, etc. |
●Ka nui laʻana
| Kūlana | Kelepona | Batri |
| UL 2580 | 30（33） a i ʻole 20（22） mau ʻāpana | 6 ~ 8 pcs |
| UL 2271 | E ʻoluʻolu e nānā iā UL 2580 | 6~8个 6 ~ 8 pcs |
●Ka manawa o waena o ka hoʻomaka a i ka wā pau
| Kūlana | Kelepona | Batri |
| UL 2580 | 3-4 pule | 6-8 pule |
| UL 2271 | E ʻoluʻolu e nānā iā UL 2580 | 4-6 pule |
♦Pono e hoʻopaʻa inoa Vietnam
●Hoʻolauna
Mai ka makahiki 2005, ua hoʻolaha ke aupuni Vietnamese i nā ʻano kānāwai a me nā lula e kau i mua i nā koi hōʻoia kūpono no nā kaʻa kaʻa a me kā lākou mau ʻāpana. ʻO ke keʻena hoʻokele hoʻokele o ka mākeke o ka huahana ʻo ia ka Vietnam Ministry of Communications a me kāna subordinate Motor Vehicle Registration Authority, e hoʻokō ana i ka ʻōnaehana Vietnam Register (i kapa ʻia ʻo VR certification). Mai ʻApelila 2018, ua kauoha ka Vietnam Motor Vehicle Registration Authority i ka hōʻoia VR no nā ʻāpana kaʻa aftermarket.
●Ka palena o ka huahana palapala hōʻoia
ʻO ke ʻano o nā huahana e pili ana i ka palapala hōʻoia e pili ana i nā mahiole, ke aniani palekana, nā huila, nā aniani hiʻohiʻona, nā kaila, nā kukui, nā pahu wahie, nā ʻeke waihona, nā mea o loko, nā moku kaomi, nā ʻona mana, etc.
I kēia manawa, ʻo nā koi koi o nā pākahi wale nō no nā kaʻa uila a me nā kaʻa kaʻa, akā ʻaʻole no nā kaʻa uila.
●Ka nui laʻana a me ka manawa alakaʻi
| Huahana | Pono a ʻaʻole paha | Kūlana | Ka nui laʻana | Ka manawa o waena o ka hoʻomaka a i ka wā pau |
| ʻO nā pākahi no nā kaʻa uila | Pono | QCVN76-2019 | 4 pūʻolo pākahi + 1 kelepona | 4-6 mahina |
| ʻO nā pākahi no nā kaʻa kaʻa uila | Pono | QCVN91-2019 | 4 pūʻolo pākahi + 1 kelepona | 4-6 mahina |
▍Pehea e hiki ai iā MCM ke kōkua?
● Loaʻa i ka MCM ka mana nui i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā pā uila lithium-ion. Hiki i kā mākou hōʻike a me kā mākou palapala hōʻoia ke kōkua iā ʻoe e lawe i kāu waiwai i kēlā me kēia ʻāina.
● Loaʻa i ka MCM kekahi mau mea hana e hoʻāʻo ai i ka palekana a me ka hana o kāu mau kelepona a me nā pila. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kiʻi i ka ʻikepili hoʻāʻo pololei mai iā mākou i kāu pae R&D.
● He pilina pili mākou me nā kikowaena hoʻāʻo a me ka hui hōʻoia honua. Hiki iā mākou ke hāʻawi i nā lawelawe no ka hoʻāʻo pono a me ka hōʻoia honua. Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa nā palapala hōʻoia me hoʻokahi hoʻokolohua.
Ka manawa hoʻouna:
ʻAukake -9-2024
