ʻO Balance Scooter a me E-scooter Battery ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau
Kaulike Scootera me nā Bateri E-scooter ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau,
Kaulike Scooter,
| ʻAʻohe helu | Palapala hōʻoia / uhi | Palapala hōʻoia | He kūpono no ka huahana | Nānā |
| 1 | Ka lawe pila | UN38.3. | ʻO ke kumu o ka pākaukau, ʻo ke ʻano pākaukau, ka pūʻolo pila, ka ʻōnaehana pākaukau | E hoʻololi i ka ʻike: Hiki ke hoʻāʻo ʻia ka pā uila / ʻōnaehana pākaukau ma luna o 6200Wh me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka module pākahi. |
| 2 | CB palapala | IEC 62660-1. | ʻĀpana pākahi | |
| IEC 62660-2. | ʻĀpana pākahi | |||
| IEC 62660-3. | ʻĀpana pākahi | |||
| 3 | Palapala hōʻoia GB | GB 38031. | ʻO ke kumu o ka pākaukau, ka pūʻolo pila, ka ʻōnaehana pākahi | |
| GB/T 31484. | Pūnaehana pākaukau, module pākahiko, ʻōnaehana pākaukau | |||
| GB/T 31486. | ʻO ke kumu pākaukau, module pākahiko | |||
| 4 | Palapala ECE | ECE-R-100. | Pūnaehana pākaukau | ʻO nā ʻāina a me nā ʻāina e ʻike i nā ʻōlelo ʻEulopa a me ECE |
| 5 | ʻInia | AIS 048. | Pūʻolo pila, ʻōnaehana pākahi (L, M, N kaʻa) | Ka manawa pepa ʻōpala: No. 04.01,2023 |
| AIS 156. | Puke paani, Pūnaehana kaukau (L na kaʻa) | Ka manawa koi: 04.01.2023 | ||
| AIS 038. | Pūʻolo pila, ʻōnaehana pākahi (M, N kaʻa) | |||
| 6 | ʻAmelika ʻĀkau | UL 2580. | ʻO ke kumu o ka pākaukau, ka pūʻolo pila, ka ʻōnaehana pākahi | |
| SAE J2929. | Pūnaehana pākahi | |||
| SAE J2426. | Pūnaehana pākaukau, module pākahiko, ʻōnaehana pākaukau | |||
| 7 | Wiekanama | QCVN 91:2019/BGTVT. | ʻO nā kaʻa kaʻa uila / mopeds-Lithium batteries | ʻO ka hōʻike + loiloi hale hana + hoʻopaʻa inoa VR |
| QCVN 76:2019/BGTVT. | ʻO nā ʻeke uila uila-lithium | ʻO ka hōʻike + loiloi hale hana + hoʻopaʻa inoa VR | ||
| QCVN47:2012/BGTVT. | ʻO nā ʻeke kaʻa kaʻa a me Morpet- – – -leaad acid | |||
| 8 | Palapala hōʻoia ʻē aʻe | GB/T 31467.2. | Pūnaehana pākaukau | |
| GB/T 31467.1. | Pūnaehana pākaukau | |||
| GB/T 36672. | Batri no nā kaʻa kaʻa uila | Hiki ke noi ʻia ka palapala hōʻoia CQC/CGC | ||
| GB/T 36972. | Batiki uila uila | Hiki ke noi ʻia ka palapala hōʻoia CQC/CGC |
ʻO ka palapala hōʻoia pākaukau mana
“ECE-R-100.
ʻO ECE-R-100: ʻO ka palekana o nā kaʻa uila (Battery Electric Vehicle Safety) kahi hoʻoponopono i hoʻoponopono ʻia e ka European Economic Commission (Economic Commission of Europe, ECE). ʻEulopa Hikina a me ʻEulopa Hema. I ka hoʻāʻo palekana, ʻo ka ECE wale nō ka maʻamau maʻamau ma ʻEulopa.
"E hoʻohana i ka ID: Hiki i kahi pākahiko kaʻa uila i hōʻoia ʻia ke hoʻohana i kēia ʻike:
E4: hōʻike i ka Netherlands (ʻokoʻa ke code mai ka ʻāina a me ka ʻāina.
100R: Kauoha No
022492: Helu Apono (Helu Palapala)
“Nā maʻiʻo hoʻāʻo: ʻO ka mea loiloi he pahu pākaukau, a hiki ke pani ʻia kekahi o nā hoʻokolohua e nā modula.
| ʻAʻohe helu | Nā mea loiloi |
| 1 | Hōʻike haʻalulu |
| 2 | ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka pōʻaiapili wela |
| 3 | Ka hopena mīkini |
| 4 | ʻO ka paʻa o ka mīkini (compaction) |
| 5 | Ka ho'āʻo pale ahi |
| 6 | Ka pale pōkole waho |
| 7 | Ka pale ʻana i ka uku nui |
| 8 | Ka pale ʻana i ka overdischarge |
| 9 | Ka pale ʻana i ka wela |
Nā mea e pili ana i ka Administration of Circulation License o nā ʻoihana hana kaʻa ʻenehana hou o Kina a me nā huahana
()> on Circulation License Management of New Energy Vehicle Production Enterprises and Products was passed at the 26th meeting of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology on October 20,2016 and came to effect on July 1,2017.
"Nā mea ho'āʻo a me nā kūlana maʻamau o nā kaʻa uila uila hou:
| ʻAʻohe helu | Palapala hōʻoia | inoa maʻamau | Nānā |
| 1 | GB 38031. | Nā koi palekana ʻo Power Battery no nā kaʻa uilaMa, ka | Hoʻololi o GB/T 31485 a me GB/T 31467.3 |
| 2 | GB/T 31484-2015. | Nā koi ola o ka pōʻaiapili mana a me nā ʻano hoʻāʻo no nā kaʻa uilaMa, ka | 6.5 Ho'āʻo ʻia ke ola pōʻaiapili me nā kūlana hilinaʻi kaʻa |
| 3 | GB/T 31486-2015. | ʻO ka pahu uila no nā kaʻa uila. Nā koi hana uila a me nā ʻano hoʻāʻoMa, ka | |
| Nānā: E hoʻokō nā kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa uila i nā koi o nā Kūlana ʻenehana palekana no nā kaʻa holo holo uila. | |||
ʻO nā koi hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka mana o India a me ka hoʻolauna pōkole
. . . . 1997I ka makahiki 1989, ua hoʻolaha ke Aupuni o India i ke kānāwai Central Automobile Act (Central Motor Vehicles Rules, CMVR) e koi ana i nā kaʻa alanui āpau, nā kaʻa mīkini hana, nā kaʻa mahiʻai a me nā mea ulu lāʻau, a me nā mea e pili ana iā CMVR e noi i nā hui hōʻoia i ʻike ʻia e ka Ke Kuhina Hoʻokele o Inia. ʻO ke kānāwai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka palapala hōʻoia kaʻa kaʻa India. Ma hope iho, ua koi ke Aupuni India i nā ʻāpana palekana nui no nā kaʻa e hoʻohana pū ʻia i ka 15 Kepakemapa a ua hoʻokumu mākou i ke Kōmike Kūʻai Kūʻai Automotive (Automotive Industry Standard Committee, AISC) kahi i kuleana ai ʻo ARA no ka hoʻolālā ʻana a me ka hoʻopuka ʻana i nā kūlana kiʻi.
. ʻO ka pā uila e like me kekahi o nā mea palekana o ke kaʻa e pili ana i kāna hōʻike palekana AIS 048, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā lula AIS 156 a me AIS 038-Rev.2 a me nā kūlana i hoʻokō mua ʻia ai nā kūlana AIS 048 e hoʻopau ʻia i ka lā 1 ʻApelila 2023. Hiki i nā mea hana ke noi. no ka hōʻoia ma mua o ka hoʻopau ʻana i kēia maʻamau AIS 038-Rev.2 a me AIS 156 e hoʻololi iā AIS 048, koi ʻia mai 1 ʻApelila 2023.. No laila, hiki i ka mea hana ke noi no ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka pā uila i nā kūlana kūpono.
“E hoʻohana i ka māka:
ʻAʻohe Mark.I kēia manawa, hiki ke hōʻoia ʻia nā pihi mana ma India i kekahi me nā helu hoʻokolohua maʻamau, akā ʻaʻohe palapala hōʻoia a me nā hōʻailona hōʻoia.
“Hoʻāʻo maʻiʻo:
|
| AIS 048. | AIS 038-Rev.2. | AIS 156. |
| Lā hoʻokō | Hana hou ʻia 01 ʻApelila 2023 | 01 ʻApelila 2023 a loaʻa i kēia manawa i nā mea hana | |
| Nā kūlana kuhikuhi | — | UNECE R100 Rev.3.ʻO nā koi ʻenehana a me nā ʻano hoʻokolohua like me ka UN GTR 20 Phase1 | UNECE R136. |
| Ka laulā o ka noi | L, M, N na kaa | M, N na kaa | L na kaa |
ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hōʻoia ʻana o Vietnam VR
Introduction to Vietnam Automobile Certification System
E hoʻomaka ana i ka makahiki 2005, ua hoʻokumu ke aupuni Vietnamese i nā kānāwai e hoʻokumu ana i nā koi hōʻoia no nā kaʻa a me kā lākou mau ʻāpana. (hōʻoia VR).
ʻO ke ʻano o ka palapala hōʻoia ke ʻano o ka kaʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi:
No.58 / 2007 / QS-BGTV: Ma ka lā 21 o Nowemapa, 2007, ua ʻōlelo ke Kuhina Kaʻa i nā kaʻa kaʻa a me nā mopeds i hana ʻia a ʻākoakoa ʻia ma Vietnam e pono e loaʻa i ka ʻae kūhelu.
Ma Iulai 21, NO.34/2005/QS-BGTV:2005, ua hāʻawi ke Kuhina o ka Transport i nā ʻano kikoʻī ʻae ʻia no nā kaʻa i hana ʻia a ʻākoakoa ʻia ma Vietnam.
Ma ka 21 Nowemapa NO.57/2007/QS-BGTVT:2007, ua hoʻopuka ke Kuhina Kaʻa i nā kikoʻī hoʻāʻo no nā kaʻa kaʻa a me nā ʻenekini i lawe ʻia mai.
No..35 / 2005 / QS-BGTVT:2005 I ka lā 21 o Iulai, ua hoʻolaha ke Kuhina Kaʻa i ka hōʻike hōʻike no nā kaʻa i lawe ʻia mai.
Hōʻoia huahana VR ma Vietnam:
Ua hoʻomaka ka Vietnam Automotive Registration Authority i ʻApelila 2018 e koi i nā kuleana ʻāpana kaʻa aftermarket e hana i ka hōʻoia ʻana o Vietnam VR. nā ipu kaomi, nā ʻōhua mana, etc.
“Pahana hoʻāʻo pākahi mana
| Nā mea ho'āʻo | ʻĀpana pākahi | ʻO ka module | Pūʻolo pila | |
| Hana uila | ʻO ka wela lumi, ka wela kiʻekiʻe, a me ka capacitance wela haʻahaʻa | √ | √ | √ |
| ʻO ka wela lumi, ka wela kiʻekiʻe, ka pōʻai wela haʻahaʻa | √ | √ | √ | |
| AC, DC ke kū'ē i loko | √ | √ | √ | |
| Waiho ma ka lumi wela a me ke kiʻekiʻe wela | √ | √ | √ | |
| Palekana | Hōʻike wela | √ | √ | N/A. |
| Uku nui (pale) | √ | √ | √ | |
| Over-discharge (pale) | √ | √ | √ | |
| Pōkole (pale) | √ | √ | √ | |
| Ka pale ʻana i ka wela | N/A. | N/A. | √ | |
| ʻO ka pale ʻana i ka ukana | N/A. | N/A. | √ | |
| E kau i ke kui | √ | √ | N/A. | |
| E kaomi hou | √ | √ | √ | |
| Hoʻololi | √ | √ | √ | |
| Hoʻāʻo hoʻāʻo | √ | √ | √ | |
| Hoʻoikaika i ka paukū i loko | √ | √ | N/A. | |
| Puka wela | √ | √ | √ | |
| Kaiapuni | Pumi ea haʻahaʻa | √ | √ | √ |
| Ka hopena wela | √ | √ | √ | |
| pōʻaiapuni wela | √ | √ | √ | |
| Hoao noe paakai | √ | √ | √ | |
| Ka wela a me ka haʻahaʻa | √ | √ | √ | |
| Nānā: ʻO ka N/A. ʻAʻole pili② ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo i nā mea loiloi a pau, inā ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia ka hoʻāʻo ma ka pae i luna. | ||||
No ke aha ka MCM?
“Ana nui, nā mea hana kiʻekiʻe:
ʻO ka 1) loaʻa nā mea hoʻoili a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā lako me 0.02% pololei a me ka nui o kēia manawa o 1000A, 100V/400A nā mea hoʻāʻo module, a me nā lako pākaukau o 1500V/600A.
ʻO ka 2) ua lako me 12m³ haʻahaʻa mau, 8m³ paʻakai paʻakai a me nā keʻena wela kiʻekiʻe a haʻahaʻa.
3）Hoʻolako ʻia me ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana o nā mea hana a hiki i ka 0.01 mm a me nā mea hana compaction i ke kaupaona ʻana he 200 tons, nā mea hoʻokuʻu a me 12000A nā mea hoʻāʻo palekana pōkole pōkole me ke kūpaʻa hiki ke hoʻololi.
4） Loaʻa ka hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i kahi helu o ka palapala hōʻoia i ka manawa like, e mālama i nā mea kūʻai aku ma nā laʻana, ka manawa hōʻoia, nā koina hoʻāʻo, etc.
5）E hana pū me nā keʻena hoʻokolokolo a me nā ʻoihana hōʻoia a puni ka honua e hana i nā hopena he nui no ʻoe.
6） E ʻae mākou i kāu mau noi hōʻoia a me ka hilinaʻi.
"Ka hui ʻoihana a me ka ʻenehana:
Hiki iā mākou ke hoʻololi i kahi hopena hōʻoia piha no ʻoe e like me kāu ʻōnaehana a kōkua iā ʻoe e hele wikiwiki i ka mākeke pahuhopu.
E kōkua mākou iā ʻoe e hoʻomohala a hoʻāʻo i kāu huahana, a hāʻawi i ka ʻikepili pololei.
Ka manawa hoʻouna:
Iune-28-2021
Nānā nui:
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka scooter uila a me ka skateboard ma lalo o UL 2271 a me UL 2272 ke hōʻoia ʻia ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau. Eia ka hoʻolauna ʻana, ma ka laulā a lākou e uhi ai a me nā koi, nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o UL 2271 a me UL 2272: ʻO UL 2271 e pili ana i nā pihi ma nā mea like ʻole; ʻoiai ʻo UL 2272 e pili ana i nā polokalamu kelepona pilikino. Eia nā papa inoa o nā mea i uhi ʻia e nā kūlana ʻelua: Loaʻa ka UL 2272 no nā polokalamu kelepona pilikino, e like me: nā scooter uila a me nā kaʻa kaulike.
Mai ka laulā maʻamau, ʻo UL 2271 ka maʻamau pākahi, a ʻo UL 2272 ka maʻamau. I ka hana ʻana i ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka hāmeʻa o UL 2272, pono e hōʻoia mua ʻia ka pākaukau iā UL 2271?
ʻO ka mea mua, e ʻike kākou e pili ana i nā koi o UL 2272 no nā pihi (nā ʻāpana lithium-ion wale nō e noʻonoʻo ʻia ma lalo nei):
Cell: Pono nā pūnaewele lithium-ion i nā koi o UL 2580 a i ʻole UL 2271;
Pākuʻi: Inā hoʻokō ka pākaukau i nā koi o UL 2271, hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai nā hoʻāʻo no ka overcharge, short-circuit, over-discharge a me ke kaulike ʻole.
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia inā hoʻohana ʻia ka pā lithium i nā lako e pili ana i ka UL 2272, ʻaʻole pono e hana i ka palapala UL 2271, akā pono ke kelepona e hoʻokō i nā koi o UL 2580 a i ʻole UL 2271.
