ʻAmelika ʻĀkau- cTUVus&ETL
▍Hoʻolauna
ʻO ka Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) ma lalo o ka US Department of Labor e koi i nā huahana i hoʻohana ʻia ma ka wahi hana e hoʻāʻo ʻia a hōʻoia ʻia e kahi keʻena hana i ʻike ʻia ma mua o ke kūʻai ʻia ʻana ma ka mākeke. ʻO nā kūlana hoʻāʻo i hoʻohana ʻia me ka American National Standards Institute (ANSI); American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM); Underwriters Laboratory (UL); a me ka hui noiʻi maʻamau no ka ʻike like ʻana o nā hale hana.
▍Nānā o NRTL, cTUVus, a me ETL
● He pōkole ka NRTL no Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory. Ua ʻike ʻia e NRTL he 18 mau ʻaoʻao ʻekolu o ka hōʻoia ʻana a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, me TUV, ITS a me MET a hiki i kēia manawa.
● cETLus Mark: ʻAmelika ʻĀkau ka hōʻailona hōʻoia o nā hale hoʻokolohua uila o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
● cTUVus Mark: ʻAmelika ʻĀkau hōʻailona hōʻoia o TUV Rheinland.
▍Nā Kūlana Hoʻopaʻa Paʻa Batri maʻamau ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau
| S/N | Kūlana | ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana o ka Standard |
| 1 | UL 1642 | Palekana no nā Bateri Lithium |
| 2 | UL 2054 | Palekana no na Bateri Hale a me Kalepa |
| 3 | UL 2271 | Palekana no nā Bateri no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā noi kaʻa uila māmā (LEV). |
| 4 | UL 2056 | Hōʻike o ka ʻimi noiʻi no ka palekana o nā waihona mana Lithium-ion |
| 5 | UL 1973 | ʻO nā ʻuala no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana hoʻopaʻa, ka mana kōkua kaʻa a me ke kaʻa uila māmā (LER). |
| 6 | UL 9540 | Palekana no nā ʻōnaehana mālama ikehu a me nā lako |
| 7 | UL 9540A | ʻO ke ʻano hoʻāʻo no ka loiloi ʻana i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ke ahi holo wela ma nā ʻōnaehana mālama ʻana i ka ikehu |
| 8 | UL 2743 | Palekana no nā pūʻolo mana lawe lima |
| 9 | UL 62133-1/-2 | ʻO ke kūlana no ka palekana no nā pūnaewele lua a me nā pihi i loaʻa i ka alkaline a i ʻole nā mea uila non-acid ʻē aʻe - nā koi palekana no nā kelepona i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, a no nā pihi i hana ʻia mai ia mau mea, no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā noi paʻa - Māhele 1/2: Nickel Systems/Lithium Systems |
| 10 | UL 62368-1 | Mea leo/wikiō, ʻike a me ka ʻenehana kamaʻilio - Māhele 1: Koi palekana |
| 11 | UL 2580 | Palekana no nā Bateri no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kaʻa uila |
▍ʻO MCMikaika
● Hana ʻo MCM ma ke ʻano he keʻena ʻike maka no TUV RH a me ITS ma ka papahana hōʻoia o ʻAmelika ʻĀkau. Hana ʻia nā hoʻāʻo ʻana a pau ma ka hale hana MCM, e hāʻawi ana i nā mea kūʻai aku i nā lawelawe kamaʻilio ʻenehana maka-a-maka.
ʻO ●MCM he lālā o ka UL Standards Committee, e komo ana i ka hoʻomohala a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā kūlana UL, a me ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻike o nā kūlana kūlana hou.
