ʻO kahi wehewehe kikoʻī o ke kaapuni pōkole kūlokoka ho'āʻo o ka lithium ioncell,
ka ho'āʻo o ka lithium ion,

▍He aha ka GOST-R Declaration?

ʻO GOST-R Declaration of Conformity kahi palapala hōʻike e hōʻoia i ka hoʻokō ʻana o nā waiwai me nā lula palekana Lūkini. I ka wā i hoʻopuka ʻia ai ke kānāwai o ka huahana a me ka lawelawe hōʻoia e ka Russian Federation ma 1995, ua hoʻomaka ka ʻōnaehana hōʻoia huahana koi i Rusia. Pono ia i nā huahana a pau i kūʻai ʻia ma ka mākeke Lūkini e paʻi ʻia me ka hōʻailona hōʻoia pono GOST.

E like me kekahi o nā ʻano o ka palapala hōʻoia conformity mandatory, ʻo Gost-R Declaration of Conformity e pili ana i nā hōʻike nānā a i ʻole ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokele maikaʻi. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka Hōʻike o ka Conformity he ʻano hiki ke hāʻawi wale ʻia i kahi hui kānāwai Lūkini ʻo ia ka mea i noi ʻia (mea paʻa) o ka palapala hōʻoia hiki ke lilo i hui i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ʻo Rūsia a i ʻole ke keʻena haole i hoʻopaʻa inoa ma Rusia.

▍ ʻAno Hoʻolaha GOST-R a me ka Pono

1. Sʻōlelo PelekaneShipmentCpalapala hōʻoia

Hoʻopili wale ʻia ka palapala hoʻouna hoʻokahi i ka pūʻulu i kuhikuhi ʻia, huahana i kuhikuhi ʻia i loko o kahi ʻaelike. Aia ka ʻike kikoʻī ma lalo o ka mana, e like me ka inoa mea, ka nui, ka kikoʻī, ka ʻaelike a me ka mea kūʻai aku Lūkini.

2. Cpalapala hōʻoiae me ka pono ohookahi makahiki

Ke hāʻawi ʻia kahi huahana i ka palapala hōʻoia, hiki i nā mea hana ke hoʻokuʻu aku i nā huahana i Rūsia i loko o 1 makahiki me ka palena ʻole o nā manawa hoʻouna a me nā nui i ka mea kūʻai aku.

3. Cpalapala hōʻoia me ka pono oʻekolu/ʻelima makahiki

Ke hāʻawi ʻia kahi huahana i ka palapala hōʻoia, hiki i nā mea hana ke hoʻokuʻu aku i nā huahana i Rūsia i loko o 3 a i ʻole 5 mau makahiki me ka palena ʻole o nā manawa hoʻouna a me nā nui i ka mea kūʻai aku.

▍No ke aha MCM?

● Loaʻa iā MCM kekahi pūʻulu o nā ʻenekinia e aʻo i nā lula hou o Rūsia, me ka hōʻoia ʻana e hiki ke kaʻana like i nā nūhou hōʻoia GOST-R hou loa me nā mea kūʻai aku.

●MCM kūkulu pili pili me ka kūloko ka earliest-hoʻokumu hōʻoia hui, e hoʻolako paʻa a me ka pono palapala lawelawe no nā mea kūʻai mai.

▍He aha ka EAC?

Wahi aTheNā Koina maʻamau a me nā lula o nā hoʻoponopono ʻenehana no Kazakhstan, Belarus a me ka Russian FederationʻO ia kahi ʻaelike i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia e Russia, Belarus a me Kazakhstan ma ʻOkakopa 18 2010, e hāʻawi ke Kōmike Hui Kūʻai i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ke kūlana kūlike a me nā koi e hōʻoia i ka palekana o ka huahana. Hoʻohana ʻia kahi palapala hōʻoia no ʻekolu mau ʻāina, kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ka palapala hōʻoia CU-TR Russia-Belarus-Kazakhstan me kahi hōʻailona like ʻole EAC. Hoʻohana mālie ʻia ke kānāwai mai ka lā 15 o Pepeluali^th2013. I Ianuali 2015, hui pū ʻo Armenia a me Kyrgyzstan i ka Union Union.

▍CU-TR ʻAno palapala a me ka mana

1. Sʻōlelo PelekaneShipmentCpalapala hōʻoia

Hoʻopili wale ʻia ka palapala hoʻouna hoʻokahi i ka pūʻulu i kuhikuhi ʻia, huahana i kuhikuhi ʻia i loko o kahi ʻaelike. Aia ka ʻike kikoʻī ma lalo o ka mana, e like me ka inoa mea, ka nui, ka ʻaelike kikoʻī a me ka mea kūʻai aku Lūkini. I ka noi ʻana i ka palapala hōʻoia, ʻaʻole koi ʻia nā laʻana e hāʻawi akā pono nā palapala a me nā ʻike.

1. Cpalapala hōʻoiameponoohookahi makahiki

Ke hāʻawi ʻia kahi huahana i ka palapala hōʻoia, hiki i nā mea hana ke hoʻokuʻu aku i nā huahana i Rūsia i loko o 1 makahiki me ka palena ʻole o nā manawa hoʻouna a me nā nui.

1. Palapala me ka mana oʻekolumakahikis

Ke hāʻawi ʻia kahi huahana i ka palapala hōʻoia, hiki i nā mea hana ke hoʻokuʻu aku i nā huahana i Rusia i loko o 3 mau makahiki me ka ʻole o ka palena o nā manawa hoʻouna a me nā nui.

1. Palapala me ka mana o elima makahiki

Ke hāʻawi ʻia kahi huahana i ka palapala hōʻoia, hiki i nā mea hana ke hoʻokuʻu aku i nā huahana i Rusia i loko o 5 mau makahiki me ka ʻole o ka palena o nā manawa hoʻouna a me nā nui.

▍No ke aha MCM?

●MCM loaʻa i ka hui pf 'oihana 'enekinia e aʻo kuʻuna uniona hou hōʻoia hooponopono, a e hoʻolako kokoke papahana ukali lawelawe, e hōʻoia 'ana nā mea kūʻai mai e komo i loko o ka'āina smoothly a me ka holomua.

● ʻO ka nui o nā kumuwaiwai i hōʻiliʻili ʻia ma o ka ʻoihana pākaukau e hiki ai iā MCM ke hāʻawi i ka lawelawe kūpono a me ka uku haʻahaʻa no ka mea kūʻai aku.

● Hoʻokumu ʻo MCM i ka launa pū ʻana me nā hui pili kūloko, e hōʻoia ana i ka ʻike hou loa o ka hōʻoia CU-TR e kaʻana pololei a me ka manawa me nā mea kūʻai aku.

Manaʻo hoʻāʻo: e hoʻohālikelike i ke kaapuni pōkole o nā electrodes maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole, nā ʻāpana ʻōpala a me nā mea haumia ʻē aʻe i komo i loko o ke kelepona i ka wā o ka hana ʻana. I ka makahiki 2004, ua pau ke ahi i kahi pākahiko laptop i hana ʻia e kahi hui Kepani. Ma hope o ka ʻike kikoʻī ʻana i ke kumu o ke ahi pākaukau, ua manaʻo ʻia ua hui pū ʻia ka pā lithium ion me nā ʻāpana metala liʻiliʻi loa i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana, a ua hoʻohana ʻia ka pākaukau ma muli o nā loli wela.
A i ʻole nā ​​hopena like ʻole, ʻo nā ʻāpana metala i ka mea hoʻokaʻawale ma waena o nā electrodes maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole, e hana ana i kahi kaapuni pōkole i loko o ka pākaukau, e hoʻoulu ai i ka nui o ka wela i ke ahi. No ka mea he ulia ka hui ʻana o nā ʻāpana metala i ke kaʻina hana, paʻakikī ke pale ʻole i kēia hana. No laila, hoʻāʻo ʻia e hoʻohālikelike i ka pōkole kūloko i hana ʻia e nā ʻāpana metala e hou ana i ka diaphragm ma o ka "hoʻāʻo kaapuni pōkole kūloko". Inā hiki i ka pākaukau lithium ion ke hōʻoia ʻaʻole hiki ke ahi i ka wā o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, hiki iā ia ke hōʻoia pono ʻoiai inā e hui pū ʻia ka pākaukau i ke kaʻina hana Hoʻāʻo mea: cell (koe wale ka cell o non-liquid electrolytic liquid system). Hōʻike nā hoʻokolohua hoʻopau i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pākaukau lithium ion paʻa i kahi hana palekana kiʻekiʻe. Ma hope o nā hoʻokolohua ʻino e like me ke komo ʻana o ke kui, ka wela (200 ℃), ka pōkole pōkole a me ka overcharge (600%), e kahe a pahū nā pā uila lithium-ion electrolyte wai. Ma waho aʻe o ka piʻi iki o ka wela o loko (<20°C), ʻaʻohe pilikia palekana ʻē aʻe o ka pākaukau solid-state